考研马克思,法学还是哲学 – 知乎
.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);border-radius:12px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1em auto;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:12px;position:relative;width:390px;}.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard-icon{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:30px;width:30px;}.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard-info{margin-left:12px;}.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard-name{color:#191b1f;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:21px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard-meta{color:#9196a1;font-size:12px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;line-height:14px;margin-top:5px;}.css-dg64xe .filelinkcard-source{white-space:pre;}.css-dg64xe img[data-uncomfortable]{content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%20344.88888888888886%20194%22%3e%3cforeignobject%20width%3d%22344.88888888888886%22%20height%3d%22194%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml%22%20style%3d%22font-size%3a%2013px%3b%20font-family%3a%20-apple-system%2c%20blinkmacsystemfont%2c%20microsoft%20yahei%2c%20sans-serif%3b%20color%3a%20%23fff%3b%20width%3a100%25%3b%20height%3a194px%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22display%3a%20flex%3b%20flex-direction%3a%20column%3b%20align-items%3a%20center%3b%20justify-content%3a%20center%3b%20height%3a%20100%25%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20width%3d%2218%22%20height%3d%2218%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%2016%2016%22%20fill%3d%22currentcolor%22%3e%3cpath%20d%3d%22m8%203.65a7%207%200%2000-1.353.128.65.65%200%2011-.25-1.275a8.3%208.3%200%20018%202.35c2.387%200%204.172.954%205.357%202.125c14.511%205.615%2015.15%207.022%2015.15%208c0%20.621-.257%201.391-.699%202.134a7.076%207.076%200%2001-1.403%201.68l.495.46a.65.65%200%2011-.886.951l-.998-.929a.645.645%200%2001-.104-.097l9.73%2010.501a.647.647%200%2001-.29.301%203.15%203.15%200%2001-4.313-4.094.647.647%200%2001.234-.275l3.908%205.08a5.774%205.774%200%2000-1.283%201.522c2.282%207.198%202.15%207.707%202.15%208c0%20.522.41%201.616%201.407%202.6.965.954%202.43%201.75%204.443%201.75.468%200%20.905-.043%201.311-.12a.65.65%200%2001.243%201.277a8.322%208.322%200%20018%2013.65c-2.387%200-4.172-.954-5.357-2.125c1.49%2010.385.85%208.978.85%208c0-.598.238-1.333.648-2.046a7.054%207.054%200%20012.95%204.188l-.547-.509a.65.65%200%2011.886-.951l8.8%208.194a5.793%205.793%200%20001.244-1.453c.372-.624.516-1.163.516-1.469%200-.522-.41-1.616-1.407-2.6-.965-.954-2.43-1.75-4.443-1.75zm6.29%207.296a1.85%201.85%200%20002.534%202.36l-2.535-2.36zm8%204.85a.65.65%200%20100%201.3%201.85%201.85%200%20011.843%201.694.65.65%200%20101.296-.11a3.15%203.15%200%20008%204.85z%22%20fill-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%3e%3c%2fpath%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22margin%3a%20.6em%200%201.2em%22%3e%e8%af%a5%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%9a%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e4%b8%8d%e9%80%82%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cbutton%20style%3d%22padding%3a%204px%201em%3b%20font-size%3a%201.1em%3b%20color%3a%20inherit%3b%20background%3a%20none%3b%20border%3a%201px%20solid%20rgba%28255%2c255%2c255%2c.5%29%3b%20border-radius%3a%209999px%3b%22%3e%e7%bb%a7%e7%bb%ad%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%3c%2fbutton%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%3c%2fforeignobject%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e);width:100%;height:194px;background:url(https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-cf70d0759d787c70091857151c1cad4a.jpeg) no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}.css-dg64xe img.content_image[data-size=”normal”],.css-dg64xe img.origin_image[data-size=”normal”]{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-dg64xe img.content_image[data-size=”small”],.css-dg64xe img.origin_image[data-size=”small”]{width:320px;max-width:100%;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:390px;min-height:84px;border-radius:8px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;margin:16px auto;padding:12px 12px 9px 12px;background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new,.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents{display:block;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;position:relative;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents .loading{height:14px;background:#ebeced;border-radius:7px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents.withtitle{margin-bottom:3px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-title{display:-webkit-box;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:2px;color:#191b1f;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.two-line{line-height:20px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading{margin-bottom:8px;width:80%;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading.withtitle{margin-bottom:6px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loadingtitle{margin-bottom:5px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt{display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;margin-bottom:4px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt .linkcard-author{color:#373a40;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc{display:-webkit-box;font-size:13px;height:18px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;word-break:break-all;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .linkcard-tag,.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;margin-left:8px;padding:0 4px;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(196,199,206,0.3);}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc.loading{width:40%;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc svg{margin-right:2px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;background-color:#ebeced;background-size:cover;background-position:center;position:relative;display:block;width:60px;height:60px;margin-left:20px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;overflow:hidden;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#ebeced;color:#c4c7ce;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default svg{color:#9196a1;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);-ms-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);pointer-events:none;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video svg{color:#373a40;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .text{color:#373a40;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .bold{font-weight:600;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .tag{margin-left:4px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.old{position:relative;display:block;margin:1em auto;width:390px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.old,.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard.old:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcard{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px;border-radius:inherit;height:80px;box-sizing:border-box;background:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);color:#c4c7ce;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardavatarwrapper{width:60px;height:60px;background:#ebeced;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:6px;margin-right:10px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardnetwork{width:20px;height:20px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar{height:60px;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span{height:16px;display:inline-block;background:#ebeced;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(1){width:60px;margin-bottom:4px;}.css-1vqsdx1 .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(2){width:127px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.old{position:relative;display:block;margin:1em auto;width:390px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.old,.css-yxro2d .linkcard.old:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcard{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px;border-radius:inherit;height:80px;box-sizing:border-box;background:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);color:#c4c7ce;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardavatarwrapper{width:60px;height:60px;background:#ebeced;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:6px;margin-right:10px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardnetwork{width:20px;height:20px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar{height:60px;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span{height:16px;display:inline-block;background:#ebeced;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(1){width:60px;margin-bottom:4px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(2){width:127px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:390px;min-height:84px;border-radius:8px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;margin:16px auto;padding:12px 12px 9px 12px;background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new,.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents{display:block;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;position:relative;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents .loading{height:14px;background:#ebeced;border-radius:7px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents.withtitle{margin-bottom:3px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-title{display:-webkit-box;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:2px;color:#191b1f;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.two-line{line-height:20px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading{margin-bottom:8px;width:80%;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading.withtitle{margin-bottom:6px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loadingtitle{margin-bottom:5px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt{display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;margin-bottom:4px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt .linkcard-author{color:#373a40;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc{display:-webkit-box;font-size:13px;height:18px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;word-break:break-all;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .linkcard-tag,.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;margin-left:8px;padding:0 4px;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(196,199,206,0.3);}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc.loading{width:40%;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc svg{margin-right:2px;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;background-color:#ebeced;background-size:cover;background-position:center;position:relative;display:block;width:60px;height:60px;margin-left:20px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;overflow:hidden;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#ebeced;color:#c4c7ce;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default svg{color:#9196a1;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);-ms-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);pointer-events:none;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video svg{color:#373a40;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .text{color:#373a40;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .bold{font-weight:600;}.css-yxro2d .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .tag{margin-left:4px;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);border-radius:12px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1em auto;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:12px;position:relative;width:390px;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard-icon{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:30px;width:30px;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard-info{margin-left:12px;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard-name{color:#191b1f;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:21px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard-meta{color:#9196a1;font-size:12px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;line-height:14px;margin-top:5px;}.css-yxro2d .filelinkcard-source{white-space:pre;}.css-yxro2d img[data-uncomfortable]{content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%20344.88888888888886%20194%22%3e%3cforeignobject%20width%3d%22344.88888888888886%22%20height%3d%22194%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml%22%20style%3d%22font-size%3a%2013px%3b%20font-family%3a%20-apple-system%2c%20blinkmacsystemfont%2c%20microsoft%20yahei%2c%20sans-serif%3b%20color%3a%20%23fff%3b%20width%3a100%25%3b%20height%3a194px%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22display%3a%20flex%3b%20flex-direction%3a%20column%3b%20align-items%3a%20center%3b%20justify-content%3a%20center%3b%20height%3a%20100%25%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20width%3d%2218%22%20height%3d%2218%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%2016%2016%22%20fill%3d%22currentcolor%22%3e%3cpath%20d%3d%22m8%203.65a7%207%200%2000-1.353.128.65.65%200%2011-.25-1.275a8.3%208.3%200%20018%202.35c2.387%200%204.172.954%205.357%202.125c14.511%205.615%2015.15%207.022%2015.15%208c0%20.621-.257%201.391-.699%202.134a7.076%207.076%200%2001-1.403%201.68l.495.46a.65.65%200%2011-.886.951l-.998-.929a.645.645%200%2001-.104-.097l9.73%2010.501a.647.647%200%2001-.29.301%203.15%203.15%200%2001-4.313-4.094.647.647%200%2001.234-.275l3.908%205.08a5.774%205.774%200%2000-1.283%201.522c2.282%207.198%202.15%207.707%202.15%208c0%20.522.41%201.616%201.407%202.6.965.954%202.43%201.75%204.443%201.75.468%200%20.905-.043%201.311-.12a.65.65%200%2001.243%201.277a8.322%208.322%200%20018%2013.65c-2.387%200-4.172-.954-5.357-2.125c1.49%2010.385.85%208.978.85%208c0-.598.238-1.333.648-2.046a7.054%207.054%200%20012.95%204.188l-.547-.509a.65.65%200%2011.886-.951l8.8%208.194a5.793%205.793%200%20001.244-1.453c.372-.624.516-1.163.516-1.469%200-.522-.41-1.616-1.407-2.6-.965-.954-2.43-1.75-4.443-1.75zm6.29%207.296a1.85%201.85%200%20002.534%202.36l-2.535-2.36zm8%204.85a.65.65%200%20100%201.3%201.85%201.85%200%20011.843%201.694.65.65%200%20101.296-.11a3.15%203.15%200%20008%204.85z%22%20fill-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%3e%3c%2fpath%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22margin%3a%20.6em%200%201.2em%22%3e%e8%af%a5%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%9a%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e4%b8%8d%e9%80%82%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cbutton%20style%3d%22padding%3a%204px%201em%3b%20font-size%3a%201.1em%3b%20color%3a%20inherit%3b%20background%3a%20none%3b%20border%3a%201px%20solid%20rgba%28255%2c255%2c255%2c.5%29%3b%20border-radius%3a%209999px%3b%22%3e%e7%bb%a7%e7%bb%ad%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%3c%2fbutton%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%3c%2fforeignobject%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e);width:100%;height:194px;background:url(https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-cf70d0759d787c70091857151c1cad4a.jpeg) no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}.css-yxro2d img.content_image[data-size=”normal”],.css-yxro2d img.origin_image[data-size=”normal”]{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-yxro2d img.content_image[data-size=”small”],.css-yxro2d img.origin_image[data-size=”small”]{width:320px;max-width:100%;}.css-jflero{word-break:break-word;line-height:1.6;}.css-jflero > [data-first-child]{margin-top:0;}.css-jflero > :last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-jflero h1,.css-jflero h2{clear:left;margin-top:calc((1.4em * 2) / 1.2);margin-bottom:calc(1.4em / 1.2);font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;}.css-jflero h3,.css-jflero h4,.css-jflero h5,.css-jflero h6{clear:left;margin-top:calc((1.4em * 1.5) / 1.1);margin-bottom:calc(1.4em / 1.1);font-size:1.1em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;}.css-jflero u{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #373a40;}.css-jflero b{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero sup{font-size:0.8em;}.css-jflero sup[data-draft-type=’reference’]{color:#09408e;}.css-jflero a:focus{outline:none;-webkit-transition:box-shadow 0.3s;transition:box-shadow 0.3s;}html[data-focus-visible] .css-jflero a:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 2px #ffffff,0 0 0 4px rgba(23,114,246,0.3);}.css-jflero a.ztext-link,.css-jflero a.internal,.css-jflero a.external{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid #81858f;}.css-jflero a.ztext-link:hover,.css-jflero a.internal:hover,.css-jflero a.external:hover{color:#09408e;border-bottom:1px solid #09408e;}.css-jflero a.ztext-link > .ellipsis::after,.css-jflero a.internal > .ellipsis::after,.css-jflero a.external > .ellipsis::after{content:’…’;}.css-jflero a.ztext-link > .invisible,.css-jflero a.internal > .invisible,.css-jflero a.external > .invisible{font:0/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;}.css-jflero a.ztext-link u,.css-jflero a.internal u,.css-jflero a.external u{border:none;}.css-jflero a.member_mention{color:#09408e;}.css-jflero a.member_mention:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #09408e;}.css-jflero a.userlink-link{color:#09408e;}.css-jflero a.userlink-link:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #09408e;}.css-jflero p{margin:1.4em 0;}.css-jflero p.ztext-empty-paragraph{margin:calc((2.8em- (1.4em * 2 + 1.6em)) / 2) 0;}.css-jflero p.ztext-empty-paragraph + .ztext-empty-paragraph{margin:1.4em 0;}.css-jflero hr{margin:4em auto;width:240px;max-width:100%;border:none;border-top:1px solid #c4c7ce;}.css-jflero img[eeimg]{max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle;}.css-jflero img[eeimg=”1″]{margin:0 3px;max-width:calc(100% – 6px);display:inline-block;}.css-jflero img[eeimg=”2″]{margin:1.4em auto;display:block;}.css-jflero blockquote{margin:1.4em 0;padding-left:1em;color:#535861;border-left:3px solid #c4c7ce;}.css-jflero ol,.css-jflero ul{margin:1.4em 0;padding:0;width:100%;}.css-jflero ol ol,.css-jflero ul ol,.css-jflero ol ul,.css-jflero ul ul{margin:0;}.css-jflero ol li::before,.css-jflero ul li::before{width:1em;}.css-jflero ol > ol,.css-jflero ul > ol,.css-jflero ol > ul,.css-jflero ul > ul{padding-left:1em;box-sizing:border-box;}.css-jflero ul>li{display:table;width:100%;list-style:none;}.css-jflero ul>li::before{display:table-cell;content:’? ‘;white-space:pre;}.css-jflero ol{counter-reset:ol;}.css-jflero ol > li{display:table;width:100%;list-style:none;}.css-jflero ol > li::before{display:table-cell;text-align:right;counter-increment:ol;content:counter(ol) ‘. ‘;white-space:pre;}.css-jflero ol ol{counter-reset:ol2;}.css-jflero ol ol li::before{counter-increment:ol2;content:counter(ol2) ‘. ‘;}.css-jflero ol ol ol{counter-reset:ol3;}.css-jflero ol ol ol li::before{counter-increment:ol3;content:counter(ol3) ‘. ‘;}.css-jflero ol ol ol ol{counter-reset:ol4;}.css-jflero ol ol ol ol li::before{counter-increment:ol4;content:counter(ol4) ‘. ‘;}.css-jflero figure{margin:1.4em 0;}.css-jflero figure .content_image,.css-jflero figure .origin_image{margin:0 auto;}.css-jflero figure figcaption{margin-top:calc(0.6em / 0.9);padding:0 1em;font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero figure + figure{margin-top:calc(1.4em * 1.6);}.css-jflero figure[data-size=’small’],.css-jflero figure:not([data-size]) > [data-size=’small’]{clear:both;}.css-jflero figure[data-size=’left’],.css-jflero figure:not([data-size]) > [data-size=’left’]{float:left;margin:0 20px 20px 0;max-width:33%;}.css-jflero figure[data-size=’right’],.css-jflero figure:not([data-size]) > [data-size=’right’]{float:right;margin:0 0 20px 20px;max-width:33%;}.css-jflero figure[data-size=’collapse’]{margin-bottom:0;}.css-jflero figure[data-size=’collapse’] + figure{margin-top:0;}.css-jflero .content_image,.css-jflero .origin_image{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:1.4em auto;}.css-jflero .content_image[data-size=’small’],.css-jflero .origin_image[data-size=’small’]{max-width:40%;}.css-jflero .content_image.zh-lightbox-thumb,.css-jflero .origin_image.zh-lightbox-thumb{cursor:-webkit-zoom-in;cursor:-moz-zoom-in;cursor:zoom-in;}.css-jflero code{margin:0 2px;padding:3px 4px;border-radius:3px;font-family:menlo,monaco,consolas,’andale mono’,’lucida console’,’courier new’,monospace;font-size:0.9em;background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-jflero pre{margin:1.4em 0;padding:calc(0.8em / 0.9);font-size:0.9em;word-break:initial;word-wrap:initial;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;background:#f8f8fa;border-radius:4px;}.css-jflero pre code{margin:0;padding:0;font-size:inherit;border-radius:0;background-color:inherit;}.css-jflero li pre{white-space:pre-wrap;}.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’]{border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin:1.4em auto;max-width:100%;table-layout:fixed;text-align:left;width:100%;}.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’][data-size=’small’]{min-width:260px;width:40%;}.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’][data-row-style=’striped’] tr:nth-of-type(2n + 1){background:#f8f8fa;}.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’] td,.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’] th{border:1px solid #c4c7ce;line-height:24px;height:24px;padding:3px 12px;}.css-jflero table[data-draft-type=’table’] th{background:#ebeced;color:#191b1f;font-weight:500;}.css-jflero .video-box,.css-jflero .link-box{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:1.4em 0;overflow:auto;white-space:normal;cursor:pointer;border:solid 1px #ebeced;border-radius:4px;}.css-jflero .lazy[data-lazy-status]{background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-jflero .lazy[data-lazy-status=”ok”]{background-color:transparent;-webkit-animation:animation-1yvu044 0.5s ease-in;animation:animation-1yvu044 0.5s ease-in;}.css-jflero .highlight{margin:1em 0;}.css-jflero .highlight pre{margin:0;}.css-jflero .highlight .hll{background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-jflero .highlight .c{font-style:italic;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .err{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .k{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .o{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .cm{font-style:italic;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .cp{font-weight:600;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .c1{font-style:italic;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .cs{font-style:italic;font-weight:600;color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .gd{color:#f05159;}.css-jflero .highlight .ge{font-style:italic;}.css-jflero .highlight .gr{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .gh{color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .gi{color:#12b370;}.css-jflero .highlight .go{color:#81858f;}.css-jflero .highlight .gp{color:#535861;}.css-jflero .highlight .gs{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .gu{color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .gt{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .kc{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .kd{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .kn{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .kp{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .kr{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .kt{font-weight:600;color:#09408e;}.css-jflero .highlight .m{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .s{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .na{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .nb{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .nc{font-weight:600;color:#09408e;}.css-jflero .highlight .no{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .ni{color:#6a5ff3;}.css-jflero .highlight .ne{font-weight:600;color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .nf{font-weight:600;color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .nn{color:#535861;}.css-jflero .highlight .nt{color:#09408e;}.css-jflero .highlight .nv{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .ow{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .highlight .w{color:#adb1b7;}.css-jflero .highlight .mf{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .mh{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .mi{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .mo{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .sb{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .sc{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .sd{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .s2{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .se{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .sh{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .si{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .sx{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .sr{color:#a5542f;}.css-jflero .highlight .s1{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .ss{color:#d95350;}.css-jflero .highlight .bp{color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .highlight .vc{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .vg{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .vi{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight .il{color:#1772f6;}.css-jflero .highlight::-webkit-scrollbar{width:6px;height:6px;}.css-jflero .highlight::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal{background-color:rgba(25,27,31,0.5);border-radius:6px;}.css-jflero .highlight::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal:hover{background-color:rgba(25,27,31,0.6);}.css-jflero .linkcard.old{position:relative;display:block;margin:1em auto;width:390px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;}.css-jflero .linkcard.old,.css-jflero .linkcard.old:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcard{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px;border-radius:inherit;height:80px;box-sizing:border-box;background:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);color:#c4c7ce;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardavatarwrapper{width:60px;height:60px;background:#ebeced;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:6px;margin-right:10px;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardnetwork{width:20px;height:20px;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar{height:60px;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span{height:16px;display:inline-block;background:#ebeced;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(1){width:60px;margin-bottom:4px;}.css-jflero .linkcard-ecommerceloadingcardloadingbar span:nth-of-type(2){width:127px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:390px;min-height:84px;border-radius:8px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;margin:16px auto;padding:12px 12px 9px 12px;background-color:#f8f8fa;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new,.css-jflero .linkcard.new:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:none !important;color:inherit !important;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents{display:block;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;position:relative;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents .loading{height:14px;background:#ebeced;border-radius:7px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-contents.withtitle{margin-bottom:3px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-title{display:-webkit-box;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:2px;color:#191b1f;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.two-line{line-height:20px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading{margin-bottom:8px;width:80%;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loading.withtitle{margin-bottom:6px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-title.loadingtitle{margin-bottom:5px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt{display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;margin-bottom:4px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-excerpt .linkcard-author{color:#373a40;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc{display:-webkit-box;font-size:13px;height:18px;line-height:18px;color:#9196a1;word-break:break-all;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .linkcard-tag,.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;margin-left:8px;padding:0 4px;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(196,199,206,0.3);}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc.loading{width:40%;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-desc svg{margin-right:2px;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;background-color:#ebeced;background-size:cover;background-position:center;position:relative;display:block;width:60px;height:60px;margin-left:20px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;overflow:hidden;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#ebeced;color:#c4c7ce;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image.linkcard-image–default svg{color:#9196a1;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);-ms-transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);transform:translatex(-50%) translatey(-50%);width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);pointer-events:none;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-image .linkcard-image–video svg{color:#373a40;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .text{color:#373a40;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .bold{font-weight:600;}.css-jflero .linkcard.new .linkcard-richtext .tag{margin-left:4px;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:rgba(248,248,250,0.88);border-radius:12px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1em auto;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:12px;position:relative;width:390px;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard-icon{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:30px;width:30px;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard-info{margin-left:12px;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard-name{color:#191b1f;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:21px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard-meta{color:#9196a1;font-size:12px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;line-height:14px;margin-top:5px;}.css-jflero .filelinkcard-source{white-space:pre;}.css-jflero img[data-uncomfortable]{content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%20344.88888888888886%20194%22%3e%3cforeignobject%20width%3d%22344.88888888888886%22%20height%3d%22194%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f1999%2fxhtml%22%20style%3d%22font-size%3a%2013px%3b%20font-family%3a%20-apple-system%2c%20blinkmacsystemfont%2c%20microsoft%20yahei%2c%20sans-serif%3b%20color%3a%20%23fff%3b%20width%3a100%25%3b%20height%3a194px%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22display%3a%20flex%3b%20flex-direction%3a%20column%3b%20align-items%3a%20center%3b%20justify-content%3a%20center%3b%20height%3a%20100%25%3b%22%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3csvg%20xmlns%3d%22http%3a%2f%2fwww.w3.org%2f2000%2fsvg%22%20width%3d%2218%22%20height%3d%2218%22%20viewbox%3d%220%200%2016%2016%22%20fill%3d%22currentcolor%22%3e%3cpath%20d%3d%22m8%203.65a7%207%200%2000-1.353.128.65.65%200%2011-.25-1.275a8.3%208.3%200%20018%202.35c2.387%200%204.172.954%205.357%202.125c14.511%205.615%2015.15%207.022%2015.15%208c0%20.621-.257%201.391-.699%202.134a7.076%207.076%200%2001-1.403%201.68l.495.46a.65.65%200%2011-.886.951l-.998-.929a.645.645%200%2001-.104-.097l9.73%2010.501a.647.647%200%2001-.29.301%203.15%203.15%200%2001-4.313-4.094.647.647%200%2001.234-.275l3.908%205.08a5.774%205.774%200%2000-1.283%201.522c2.282%207.198%202.15%207.707%202.15%208c0%20.522.41%201.616%201.407%202.6.965.954%202.43%201.75%204.443%201.75.468%200%20.905-.043%201.311-.12a.65.65%200%2001.243%201.277a8.322%208.322%200%20018%2013.65c-2.387%200-4.172-.954-5.357-2.125c1.49%2010.385.85%208.978.85%208c0-.598.238-1.333.648-2.046a7.054%207.054%200%20012.95%204.188l-.547-.509a.65.65%200%2011.886-.951l8.8%208.194a5.793%205.793%200%20001.244-1.453c.372-.624.516-1.163.516-1.469%200-.522-.41-1.616-1.407-2.6-.965-.954-2.43-1.75-4.443-1.75zm6.29%207.296a1.85%201.85%200%20002.534%202.36l-2.535-2.36zm8%204.85a.65.65%200%20100%201.3%201.85%201.85%200%20011.843%201.694.65.65%200%20101.296-.11a3.15%203.15%200%20008%204.85z%22%20fill-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%20clip-rule%3d%22evenodd%22%3e%3c%2fpath%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cdiv%20style%3d%22margin%3a%20.6em%200%201.2em%22%3e%e8%af%a5%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%9a%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e4%b8%8d%e9%80%82%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3cbutton%20style%3d%22padding%3a%204px%201em%3b%20font-size%3a%201.1em%3b%20color%3a%20inherit%3b%20background%3a%20none%3b%20border%3a%201px%20solid%20rgba%28255%2c255%2c255%2c.5%29%3b%20border-radius%3a%209999px%3b%22%3e%e7%bb%a7%e7%bb%ad%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%3c%2fbutton%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%20%20%3c%2fdiv%3e%0a%20%20%20%20%3c%2fforeignobject%3e%3c%2fsvg%3e);width:100%;height:194px;background:url(https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-cf70d0759d787c70091857151c1cad4a.jpeg) no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size=”normal”],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size=”normal”]{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.css-jflero img.content_image[data-size=”small”],.css-jflero img.origin_image[data-size=”small”]{width:320px;max-width:100%;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}
马克思主义哲学？马克思主义理论？马克思主义基本原理？马……什么？
哲学一级学科下面的马克思主义哲学以及法学门类下的一级学科马克思主义理论，经常让人摸不着头脑。
马哲与马理论，它们所属的学科门类不同，备考难度与考试内容不同，考上之后的课程设置也不同。除了拥有如此多的差异，它们之间也存在着一些共通点。接下来，我主要按照三大部分进行讲解，一定要看到最后哦！
1、学科性质
马哲专业与马理论专业最没有争议的区别就是，在2005年修订后的研究生专业目录中，马哲属于哲学一级学科的二级学科，马理论则独成法学门类下的一个一级学科。原则上，两者是不能相互调剂的。
从门类上，两者就有着根本的区别，马哲属于01哲学门类，毕业时拿的是哲学硕士学位；马理论则属于03法学门类，最后拿的是法学硕士学位。普遍来说，各高校的马理论专业都设在马克思主义学院，而马哲的话大多都跟着其他哲学二级专业一起，被设在如哲学学院、公共管理学院等，除了苏州科技大学这个特殊的家伙，马院只有哲学专业，没有马理论。
其实，对考研的同学来说，马理论和马哲本就不是平行比较的对象，和马哲平行的理应是马理论下属的二级学科，即马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、国外马克思主义研究、思想政治教育及中国近现代史基本问题研究等六个专业，部分好学校开设的二级学科会更多。
2、考研难度
（1）考试内容
针对大多数高校的初试情况来看，马哲的考试内容基本与其他哲学二级学科相同，也就是中西哲学史+马哲（马原理或马哲史），或者仅是中哲+西哲（不同学校专业课考试内容略有区别，此处仅为举例说明）。
马哲的话，可能会涉及到中哲、西哲、马原理、马哲史以及一些哲学基础理论的知识点，具体要看报考学校情况而定。不过，哲学知识更重理解，记忆起来并没有那么枯燥乏味，甚至挺有意思。
相对来说，马理论考试需要背诵的内容更多，也更为枯燥，背书不太行的小伙伴得做好心理准备。但它的涉及面较窄，毕竟只限于马克思主义里面。加上马理论的参考书目一般都是我们本科期间用过的小红小绿小黄（见下图），倘若本科思政课学得不错的话，备考还是蛮有优势的。
（2）分数要求
从国家线也就是所谓的“最低门槛”来看，马克思主义理论是跟法学门类的国家线走的，近三年的分数线在320~325之间；而马克思主义哲学当然就跟哲学门类的线了，近三年分数线在295~300间。很明显能看出来，马哲的国家线比马理论要低了25分左右。
近三年国家线情况（哲学、法学门类）学科门类2019年2020年2021年哲学295300299法学320325321
别小看这二十多分哦，对于考研人来说，每一分都很重要。要是差了一分过不了国家线，你连调剂的机会都没啦！
（3）招生数量
从招生人数上看，马理论毕竟是一级学科嘛，招生人数自然比马哲要多上许多。上至清北复交，下到双非学院，开设马理论的学校那叫一个多，所有的985、211高校，乃至普通的一本高校都有开设马理论专业，全国范围的硕士点就有400个左右。
但开设哲学系的高校就比较少了，而且一般只有实力不错的高校才有哲学硕士点，有部分即使招哲学专业也不一定招马哲的硕士。当然，比起宗教学、逻辑学这样的冷门专业，马哲还是要常见些。设有马克思主义哲学的硕士点在也就全国大概100来个。
虽说马理论的招生量明显比马哲要大，但竞争却比马哲要激烈不少，仅两年真是卷得不要不要的，动辄就是370、380+高分求调剂，可能都求不到的那种，尤其是思想政治教育方向，火爆到不行。哲学专业的话，虽说部分名校也很卷，但相对来说还
是比较友好的，一志愿落榜走调剂也并非难事。
（4）课程内容
至于考上之后上什么课程，两者之间还是比较容易区分的。马哲的话，西方哲学是基础，马恩原著就不用说了，还有西方马克思主义等也可能是重要课程。总的来说，马哲的课程还是集中在哲学方面的。
马理论则更为复杂，当然下面的几个二级学科各有侧重，但就总体情况而言，除了马哲所要求的哲学能力（当然马理论对哲学能力的要求没那么高），还要去学习政治学、经济学的内容，而且不是分门别类的学，而是整体性地去接触。
个人建议，如果只想稳上岸，拿个硕士学历，也不是特别擅长死记硬背，哲学专业是更合适的选择，毕竟卷的程度要低，而且国家线也要低个几十分。当然，更多还是得结合个人实际情况作出选择。
假如你比较擅长动脑子，喜欢研究一个知识的前因后果，不整清楚背不进书的人，那么考马哲更适合你。如果你显然不想动脑，只想死记硬背，那马理论欢迎你。
3、就业情况
先说结论:学哲学的出来，可以教马理论。但是，学马理论出来的教不了哲学专业课。
这一角度看，马哲专业的选择面更广。不过，马哲专业和马理论专业的就业方向还是很相似的，两者之间没有明显的差别。主流的就业方向也就是高校思政老师、高校辅导员等行政岗、中小学思想品德课老师、公务员和事业单位以及国企的党建文字岗等。发现了吗？简而言之就是“吃国家饭”的。
温馨提示哦，以上绝大多数的岗位前提是中共党员！so，你们知道该怎么做了吧？入党啊！ 最起码得在毕业前拿到预备党员的身份。
所以，你知道自己该选哪个专业了吗？要是这篇回答还不能解决你的选择困难症，欢迎走付费咨询哦:
我是 @哲学考研up君 ，专注于哲学考研的搬运工，欢迎关注~
