2000年考研英语阅读真题及解析【第三篇】(2000年考研英语text2答案)

passage3注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ? ??①when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as literature.
? ? ? ? ①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②
consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③this speeding up of life, s

ays the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④ we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥ instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
? ? ? ??①certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:
? ? ? ? ?①this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature.②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
一、文章结构分析
? ? ? ? ?这是一篇关于未来派诗歌这种新文学形式的文学评论。文章介绍了未来派诗歌的观点，并对其进行批评，指出很难将其归入文学范畴。文章为总-分-总的结构。
? ? ? ? ?第一段：提出全文主旨：即使承认未来派诗歌的理论依据，也很难将它视为文学作品。
? ? ? ?? 第二段：阐述未来派诗歌的观点。
? ? ? ? ?第三段：以一首描写战斗的诗歌为例，指出未来派诗歌描写的杂乱无章。
???????? 第四段：呼应首段，再次重申未来派诗歌很难被归于文学作品这一主旨。
19. this passage is mainly.
[a]a survey of new approaches to art
[b]a review of futurist poetry
[c] about merits of the futurist movement
[d] about laws and requirements of literature
19.这篇文章主要是。
[a]对艺术新方法的概观
[b]对未来派诗歌的评论
[c]有关未来派运动的优点
[d]有关文学的规则和要求
【
对于a选项，艺术新方法的范围太广了，文章是具体针对“未来派诗歌”进行讨论。故a选项错误。
对于b选项，?文章第一段，提出全文主旨：即使承认未来派诗歌的理论依据，也很难将它视为文学作品。第二段：阐述未来派诗歌的观点。第三段：以一首描写战斗的诗歌为例，指出未来派诗歌描写的杂乱无章。?第四段：呼应首段，再次重申未来派诗歌很难被归于文学作品这一主旨。故可知本文是对未来派诗歌的评论。故b选项正确。
对于c选项，?根据第一段的最后一句和最后一段的第一句，for whatever futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as literature.this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature.无论未来主义诗歌是否承认其所依据的理论可能是正确的，它都很难被归类为文学。尽管它符合未来主义诗歌的规律和要求，但很难被归类为文学。这两段都表明了作者的观点，故可知作者对未来主义诗歌持有否定观点，而未来派运动的优点作者并没有论述，更不可能是本文的论述重点。故c选项错误。
对于d选项，?第四段的第一句，this, though it fulfills?the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature.尽管它符合未来主义诗歌的规律和要求，但很难被归类为文学。这段还是在表明未来主义诗歌很难被归类为文学。重点是议论“未来主义诗歌归类的问题”，而不是“规律和要求”。故d选项错误。
】
20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.
[a] determine its purposes
[b] ignore its flaws
[c] follow the new fashions
[d] accept the principles
20.当新的文学观点出现时，人们应该努力去。
[a]确定其目的
[b]忽视其缺陷
[c]追随这些新风尚
[d]接受其原则
【
根据第一段的第一句，when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,?it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,当一场新的艺术运动达到某种程度时，最好找出其倡导者的目的，因为无论他们的原则在今天看起来多么牵强和不合理。故a选项正确，确定其目的。
】
21. futurists claim that we must.
[a] increase the production of literature
[b] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[c] develop new modes of expression
[d] avoid using adjectives and verbs
21.未来主义者宣称我们必须。
[a]加大文学作品的创作数量
[b]用诗歌来减轻现代的压力
[c]形成新的表达方式
[d]避免使用形容词和动词
【
对于a选项，第二段的第四句we must speed up our literature too，我们也必须加快我们的文学速度。这里指的加速是让文学以更快的节奏感适应当下的快节奏的生活，而跟文学的数量无关。故a选项错误。
对于b选项，还是第二段的第四句，we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。文章中提到的是“诠释现代生活的压力”，而不是“减轻现代的压力”。虽然“诠释压力”在一定程度上是可以“缓解压力”的，但是“诠释压力”和“缓解压力”之间不能直接画等号。故b选项错误。
对于c选项，第二段的第三句，this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.这位未来主义者说，这种生活的加速需要一种新的表达形式。故c选项正确。
对于d选项，第二段的第五句，we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.我们必须滔滔不绝地说出大量的基本单词，不受句号、限定形容词或限定动词的阻碍。文章是不受使用形容词和动词的限制而去大量的使用，而选项是避免使用形容词和动词。故d选项错误。
】
22. the author believes that futurist poetry is.
[a] based on reasonable principles
[b] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[c]indicative of a basic change in human nature
[d] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
22.作者认为未来主义流派诗歌是。
[a]基于合理的原则
[b]对普通人来说是新生的、可接受的事物
[c]显示出人性的根本变化
[d]与其说是文学，不如说是一种暂时的现象
【
对于a选项，根据第一段的最后一句，with regard to futurist poetry,?however,?the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as literature.然而，就未来主义诗歌而言，情况相当困难，因为无论未来主义诗是否承认其所依据的理论可能是正确的，都很难被归类为文学。这段表示未来主义诗是可能正确合理的，可选项是表示未来主义诗是合理的。a选项太过绝对。故a选项错误。
对于b选项，文章并未提到未来主义流派诗歌对普通人来说是可接受的事物，也就是说并不是所有普通人都会接受。故b选项错误。
对于c选项，文章并未提到这个话题。故c选项错误。
对于d选项，与其说是文学，不如说是一种暂时的现象。文章开头提到，未来主义流派诗歌只会暂时的流行，但是最后并不能纳入为文学。故d选项正确。
】
二、核心词汇与超纲词汇
核心词汇：①.at will
whenever or wherever you like 任意，随意
例：they were able to come and go at will.他们能够来去自由。
②.class?n.vt.*[常用被动态]to think or decide that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing把…….看作或分类、归类（用class?sb/sth as sth）
? ?例：immigrant workers were classed as aliens.移民来的工人已归入侨民类。
n.1.[c]种类，类别，（质量）等级
例：it was good accommodation for a hotel of this class.就这种档次的旅馆来说，住宿条件算是不错了。
/different classes of drugs不同种类的毒品
2.[u]an elegant quality or a high level of skill that is impressive 优雅，典雅，高超
例：
she has class all right-she looks like a model.她的确风姿娴雅，看上去像模特儿一样。
a.[仅用于名词前]（技术、风格等）很好的，优秀的
例：a class player/performer优秀的选手/表演者
③.consequently
adv.? as a result；
therefore因此，所以；
consequent a.作为结果的，随之发生的；
consequencen.结果，后果，影响，重要性
④.corresponding?
a.matching or connected with sth one has just mentioned符合的，相应的，相关联的（后跟介词to）
例：a change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.货币供应量的改变随即引起支出的相应改变。
correspondv.相一致，符合；类似于，相当于
⑤.farfetched
a.牵强的
例：a farfetched analogy/excuse牵强的相似/借口；
类似的词还有：far-famed驰名的，威名远播的，farsighted有远见的
⑥.fulfil
vt.to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected 实现（希望等）
例：to fulfill your ambition/potential 实现抱负/发挥潜力
*2.to do or have what is required or necessary履行，执行；符合，具备（要求的或必备的条件）
例：to fulfill a duty/all the criteria 履行职责/符合所有标准
3.to make sb feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done（所做的事）使高兴，使满意（用fulfill sb/oneself）
例：i need a job that really fulfills me.我需要一份真正令我感到满足的工作。
⑦.propositon?
n.[c]
1.a statement that consists of a carefully considered opinion or judgment主张，观点，见解例：marx accepted several of the key propositions developed by adam smith.马克思采纳了亚当·史密阐述的几个主要观点。
2.an offer or suggestion（尤指商业、政治上的）提议，建议
例：we have a proposition to make.我们有个建议要提。
propose v.提议，建议；提名，推荐；求婚；proposal n.建议，提议；求婚
⑧.unhampered a.不受阻碍的，不受限制的；
hamper v.妨碍，阻碍，牵制
三、阅读答案：b?a c d
四、全文翻译：
? ? ???当一场新的艺术运动形成某种风尚时，明智的做法是弄清其倡导者的目的所在，因为无论他们的观念在今天看来是多么牵强附会、多么不可思议，将来都有可能被视为是正常的。然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却比较复杂，因为无论未来派诗歌为何物，即使承认其理论根据可能正确，也很难将它归入文学。
? ? ? ?简而言之，未来派诗人这样宣称：一个世纪以来，过去的生活状况一直在有条件地飞速变化；现在，我们生活在一个充斥着喧器、暴力和快节奏的世界之中。因此，我们的感情、思想和情绪都产生了相应的变化。未来派诗人声称，这种加速的生活节奏需要一种新的表达形式。如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。我们不是要描绘声音，而是必须造出模仿声音的词语；我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同型号的字体和不同颜色的墨水，任意缩短或加长词语。
? ? ? ?毫无疑问，他们对战斗的描述会令人费解。但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时，则更令人生厌。注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗，结果双双从桥上掉进河中——后来发现这一行诗文是由军官落水的声音和他们的体重组成的：“扑通！扑通！一百八十五公斤。”
? ? ? ?尽管这种写法符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求，但是却很难被归入文学之列。同样，任何一个有思想的人都不会拒绝接受他们的基本主张：情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。但实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗？
五.地毯式总结
when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 当一场新的艺术运动达到某种程度时，最好找出其倡导者的目的，因为无论他们的原则在今天看起来多么牵强和不合理，在未来的几年里，他们都可能被视为正常的。
with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as literature.然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却比较复杂，因为无论未来派诗歌为何物，即使承认其理论根据可能正确，也很难将它归入文学。
unhampered by stops 摆脱句号
instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them 与其描述声音，不如编一些模仿它们的单词
all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition 同样，任何一个有思想的人都不会拒绝接受他们的基本主张