2006年考研英语阅览了解第三篇要点单词汇总+翻译(2006年考研英语一真题)

2006年考研英语阅览了解第三篇要点单词汇总+翻译
when prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange?happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct.?smaller species survived.?the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.?now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
当史前人类抵达世界上某个新当地时,一些新鲜的作业发生在大型动物身上:它们俄然灭绝了。而小型物种却能幸存下来。生长缓慢的大型动物简略被捕获,并灵敏遭到猎杀,致使灭绝。如今,类似的情况可以正在海洋中发生。
that the seas are being overfished has been known for years.?what researchers such as ransom myers and boris worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.?they have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.?their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.?according to their latest paper published in nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.?in some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
海洋鱼类被过度捕捉的实际多年来一向为人所周知。兰森姆·迈尔斯和鲍里斯·沃尔姆等研讨者向咱们提示完作业改变得有多快。他们研讨了世界各地渔场半个世纪的数据。其研讨办法并不是企图预算特定海域中鱼类的实践生物量(活体生物的数量),而是预算生物量跟着时刻推移所发生的改变。根据他们迩来宣告在《天然》杂志上的一篇论文可知,新渔场在开发的前15年里,大型食肉鱼类猎食其他动物的鱼类)的生物量均匀削减了80%。从那今后,在一些长时刻捕鱼的海域,生物量又削减了一半。
dr. worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.?one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.?todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.?that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.?in the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.?some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since?no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.?furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.that is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
沃尔姆博士招认这些数据是保存的。缘由之一是捕鱼技能前进了。如今的渔船可以运用50年前还没有的卫星和声呐寻找猎物。这意味着更大比例的海洋生物正在遭到捕捉,因而如今跟曩昔生物量的实践差异很可以比捕捉质改变所记载的差异更大。而且,早些时分,多钩长线上可以挂满更多的鱼。但因为用没有挂钓饵的鱼钩来诱捕它们,因而单个鱼可以会漏捕,这种情况会致使我们小看曩昔的鱼类储量。此外,在多钩长线捕鱼的前期,许多的鱼上钩今后又会被鲨鱼吃掉。如今,这不再是一个疑问了,因为周围的鲨鱼变少了。
dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.?they believe the data?support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the .?the notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.?that matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.?most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do?business.
迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研讨给出了一个将来捕捉打点作业有必要思考的正确基准。他们认为这些数据可以证明海洋生物学家广泛认可的观念,即“动态基准”这种观念认为:我们未能发觉到海洋里现已发生的无量改变,因为他们一向以来只回想曩昔相对较短时刻内的情况。这很重要,因为“动态基准”理论指出:当方针物种的生物量大约是初始水平的50%时,渔场可以获得最大持续渔获量。大大都渔场却远远低于这一水平,这是一种有害的运营方法。
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prehistoric ?adj. 史前的;陈腐的
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arrive ?v. 抵达,送达;降临,发生;作出(抉择);出世;获得成功
曩昔分词:arrived
如今分词:arriving
曩昔式:arrived
第三人称奇数:arrives
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part??n. 有些;零件;人物;成员;部位;区域;集;参加;声部;等份;分缝
v. 脱离;别离;闭幕;梳成分头
adv. 有些地
曩昔分词:parted
如今分词:parting
曩昔式:parted
复数:parts
第三人称奇数:parts
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strange ?adj. 新鲜的;陌生的
名词:strangeness
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sudden ?adj. 俄然的
名词:suddenness
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suddenly ?adv. 意外地,遽然地;出人意料;霍然
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extinct ?adj. 灭绝的;扔掉了的;(火山)死的
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smaller ?adj. 更小的;小的( small的比照级 );小气的;(服装、食物、家用设备等)小号的;小规划的
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specie ?n. 硬币;铸币
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survive ?v. 生计,存活;幸存;困难度过;比…活得久
曩昔分词:survived
如今分词:surviving
曩昔式:survived
第三人称奇数:survives
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hunt ?v. 查找;寻找;打猎;猎狐
n. 查找;打猎;(英国的)猎狐部队/行为
曩昔分词:hunted
如今分词:hunting
曩昔式:hunted
复数:hunts
第三人称奇数:hunts
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extinction ?n. 灭绝,消亡
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similar ?adj. 类似的
比照级:more similar
最高档:most similar
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overfish ?vt. 对(鱼、渔场)捕捉过度
曩昔分词:overfished
如今分词:overfishing
曩昔式:overfished
第三人称奇数:overfishes
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shown ?v. 给…看(show的曩昔分词 );体现出;暴显露;表演
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data ?n. 数据;材料
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fishery ?n. 渔业,水工业;渔场;水产公司
2006年考研英语阅览了解第三篇要点单词汇总+翻译(2006年考研英语一真题)插图
;捕鱼权
复数:fisheries
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method ?n. 办法;有条有理
复数:methods
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attempt ?v. 尽力,测验,试图
n. 尽力,测验,(杀人)试图
曩昔分词:attempted
如今分词:attempting
曩昔式:attempted
复数:attempts
第三人称奇数:attempts
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estimate ?n. 估量,猜测;报价,核算书;评价,判别
vt. 估量,预算;评价,谈论;估量,评价
曩昔分词:estimated
如今分词:estimating
曩昔式:estimated
复数:estimates
第三人称奇数:estimates
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actual ?adj. 真实的,实践的;真实的
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biomass ?n. (单位面积或体积内)生物的数量
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amount ?n. 金额;数量,数额;程度
v. 算计
复数:amounts
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biological ?adj. 生物(学)的;亲生的;(洗衣粉)含酶的
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particular ?adj. 特定的;特别的;分外的;挑剔的
n. 细节;具体材料
复数:particulars
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accord ?n. 协议,公约
v. 给予(某种待遇);契合,与…共同
曩昔分词:accorded
如今分词:according
曩昔式:accorded
第三人称奇数:accords
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publish ?v. 出书,刊登;宣告;发布
曩昔分词:published
如今分词:publishing
曩昔式:published
第三人称奇数:publishes
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predator ?n. 捕食者;掠取者;捕食其他动物的动物,食肉动物;以强凌弱的人(或机构)
复数:predators
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reduce ?v. 削减,减小;使变成;节食;使不得不;使沦为(不好境地);(使)浓缩
曩昔分词:reduced
如今分词:reducing
曩昔式:reduced
第三人称奇数:reduces
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average ?adj. 均匀的;正常的,一般的
n. 均匀数;均匀水平
v. 均匀为;算出…的均匀数
副词:averagely
曩昔分词:averaged
如今分词:averaging
曩昔式:averaged
复数:averages
第三人称奇数:averages
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exploitation ?n. 开发;使用;克扣
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halve ?vt. 把…分红两半;把…减半;对分;平摊
曩昔分词:halved
如今分词:halving
曩昔式:halved
第三人称奇数:halves
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figure ?n. 数字;位数;人影;雕像;体形;出名人士;形象;图,表;几许图形;金额;冰上幻术
v. 认为;核算;呈现
曩昔分词:figured
如今分词:figuring
曩昔式:figured
复数:figures
第三人称奇数:figures
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conservative ?adj. 保存的;(撑持)保存党的
n. 保存者;保存党(撑持者)
副词:conservatively
比照级:more conservative
最高档:most conservative
复数:conservatives
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technology ?n. 科技;技能性机器
描述词:technological
副词:technologically
复数:technologies
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improve ?v. 改进;前进;恢复;跨越
曩昔分词:improved
如今分词:improving
曩昔式:improved
第三人称奇数:improves
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vessel ?n. 容器;船,飞船;血管,管制;…的化身
复数:vessels
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satellite ?n. 卫星;人工卫星;卫星国;卫星区
复数:satellites
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sonar ?n. 声呐设备,声呐体系;声呐兵
复数:sonars
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available ?adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的
名词:availability
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proportion ?n. 有些,比例;比例;重要性;均衡
v. 使相等;使成比例
复数:proportions
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difference ?n. 不一样,差额;改变;不合
复数:differences
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present ?adj. 如今的,当前的;如今时的;到会的,在场的;包括于…的
n. 如今;礼物
曩昔分词:presented
如今分词:presenting
曩昔式:presented
复数:presents
第三人称奇数:presents
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record ?n. 记载,记载;唱片;(体育运动或活动的)纪录;经历;案底
v. 记载;记载;录制;标明,闪现
adj. 创纪录的
曩昔分词:recorded
如今分词:recording
曩昔式:recorded
复数:records
第三人称奇数:records
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size ?n. 巨细,标准;规划;胶料,浆糊;无量,许多;尺码
vt. 按巨细摆放;改动…的巨细;上胶料,上浆;上涂料
曩昔分词:sized
如今分词:sizing
曩昔式:sized
复数:sizes
第三人称奇数:sizes
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longline ?n. 多钩长线
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saturate ?v. (使)湿透,渗透;使充溢,使饱满
曩昔分词:saturated
如今分词:saturating
曩昔式:saturated
第三人称奇数:saturates
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individual ?adj. 单独的;自个的;一起的
n. 自个;某品种型的人
复数:individuals
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therefore ?adv. 因而
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lead ?v. 在…前面走;引路;连通;通至;抢先;领导;致使;使得;引导;过(某种日子)引出;开牌
n. 抢先的方位;超前量;榜样;条理;主角;狗绳;导线;铅;铅笔芯;子弹
曩昔分词:led
如今分词:leading
曩昔式:led
复数:leads
第三人称奇数:leads
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underestimate ?vt. 小看;对…估量缺乏;看轻;把…的价值估量过低
n. 小看;估量缺乏;过低评价,过低评价;小看
曩昔分词:underestimated
如今分词:underestimating
曩昔式:underestimated
第三人称奇数:underestimates
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stock ?n. 股份,股市;库存;树干;家畜
adj. 常备的,存货的;陈腐的
vt. 供给货品;备有
vi. 出新芽;囤积
曩昔分词:stocked
如今分词:stocking
曩昔式:stocked
复数:stocks
第三人称奇数:stocks
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furthermore ?adv. 此外;而且;与此一起;再者
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shark ?n. 鲨鱼;坑蒙拐骗的人,欺诈者;[俚]内行
复数:sharks
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correct ?adj. 正确的;恰当的;契合公认原则的;稳当的
v. 改正,纠正;批改,批改;指出差错
副词:correctly
曩昔分词:corrected
如今分词:correcting
名词:correctness
曩昔式:corrected
第三人称奇数:corrects
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baseline ?n. (网球场的)底线;(棒球场的)垒线;基线;零位线
复数:baselines
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effort ?n. 尽力;费劲;有组织的行为;吃力的事
复数:efforts
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current ?adj. 其时的;流转的
n. (河、湖或海的)水流;电流;趋向
复数:currents
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marine ?adj. 海洋的;海产的;水兵的;海船的
n. 水兵陆战队兵士
复数:marines
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relative ?n. 亲属;同类事物
adj. 相对的;比照的;比较之下存在;关于;指代前面语句(的一有些)
复数:relatives
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maximum ?adj. 最高的;极大的
adv. 最多
n. 最许多
复数:maxima
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sustain ?vt. 坚持;支撑,撑持;遭受,忍耐;供养
曩昔分词:sustained
如今分词:sustaining
曩昔式:sustained
第三人称奇数:sustains
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yield ?v. 发生;屈从,让步;扔掉;让路
n. 收益;产量
曩昔分词:yielded
如今分词:yielding
曩昔式:yielded
复数:yields
第三人称奇数:yields
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crop ?n. 庄稼,作物;收成;一群,一些;短发
v. 有收成;收割;啃吃(草等);剪短,取舍
曩昔分词:cropped
如今分词:cropping
曩昔式:cropped
复数:crops
第三人称奇数:crops
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target ?n. 方针;目标;靶子
v. 以…为进犯方针;瞄准,面向
曩昔分词:targeted;targetted
如今分词:targetting;targeting
曩昔式:targeted;targetted
复数:targets
第三人称奇数:targets
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original ?adj. 开始的;创始的;原作的
n. 原件,原稿;一起的人
复数:originals
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