2005年第四篇阅览精翻【考研英语】 – 哔哩哔哩

2005年第四篇阅览
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paragraph1
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1.?americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the english language with skill and gift.?
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americans（主语）?no longer expect（谓语）?public figures（宾语）, whether in speech or in writing（状语）, to command the english language（宾补）?with skill and gift（状语）.
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figure ?n.人物，数字
speech ?n.讲演
command ?v.掌控
gift ?n.天资
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翻译:美国人不再期望大世人物在讲演或许写作中，可以带着天资和技巧掌控英语了。
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2.?nor do they aspire to such command themselves.?
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nor do（谓语里的助动词）【有些倒装句】?they（主语）?aspire（谓语）?to such command（宾语）?themselves.
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aspire ?v.盼望，寻求
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翻译:他们也不寻求他们自个可以掌控。
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3.?in his latest book, doing our own thing: the degradation of language and music and why we should like, care, john mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal english.
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in his latest book（状语）, doing our own thing: the degradation of language and music and why we should,?like, care, john?mcwhorter（主语）, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views（弥补阐明jm这自个）,?sees（谓语）?the triumph（宾语）?of 1960s counter-culture（定语润饰triumph）?as respons

ible（宾补）?for the decline of formal english（状语）.
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degradation ?n.退化，降格
controversialist ?n.争论者
liberal ??adj.安适的
conservative ??adj.保存的
triumph ?n.成功，成功
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翻译:在jm（一个混合着安适和保存观念的言语家以及善辩家）的迩来的一本书里，《做咱们自个的作业:言语和音乐的退化，以及咱们为啥大约喜爱，介意》，他认为1960年代反干流文明的成功大约为正式英语的式微担任任。
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paragraph2
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1.?blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.?
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blaming the permissive 1960s（主语）?is（谓语）?nothing new（宾语）, but（but联接并排句）?this（主语）?is（谓语）?not yet another criticism（宾语）?against the decline in education（定语润饰criticism）.
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blame ?v.责怪，归咎于
permissive ?adj.放纵的，答应的
criticism ?n.批判
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翻译:责备1960年代的放纵不是一个新鲜事，但这不是关于教育式微的另一种批判。
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2.?mr. mcwhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of?“whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of old english.
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mr. mcwhorter’s academic speciality（主语）?is（谓语）?language history and change（宾语）, and（and联接的并排句）?he（主语）?sees（谓语）?the gradual disappearance（宾语）?of?“whom”（定语润饰disappearance）, for example（刺进语）, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of old english.
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gradual ?adj.逐步的
disappearance ?n.不见，消亡
regrettable ?adj.怅惘的，怅惘的
case-ending ??语格尾缀
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翻译:m先生的大学专业是言语前史和言语改动，而且他看到“whom”的逐步不见是天然的，而且和古英语的语格尾缀的不见相同没有啥可怅惘的。
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paragraph3
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1.?but the cult of the authentic and the personal,?“doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.?
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but?the cult（主语）?of the authentic and the personal（定语润饰cult）,?“doing our own thing”,?has spelt（谓语）?the death（宾语）?of formal speech, writing, poetry and music（定语润饰death）.
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cult ?n.张狂，信徒
authentic ?adj.真实的，真实的
poetry ?n.诗
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翻译:可是对真实和特性的张狂崇拜（“做咱们自个的事”），现已致使了正式的讲演、写作、诗歌和音乐的去世。
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2.?while even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken english on the page.
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while（while联接的并排句）?even?the modestly educated（主语）?sought（谓语）?an elevated tone（宾语）?when（when引导的时刻状语从句）?they（从句主语）?put（从句谓语）?pen（从句宾语）?to paper（宾补）?before the 1960s（时刻状语）, even?the most well regarded writing（主语）?since then has sought（谓语）?to capture spoken english?（宾语）on the page（状语）.
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modestly ?adj.适中的，谦善的
elevated ?adj.前进的，崇高的
well regarded ?受好评的
capture ?v.抓捕，捕获
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翻译:1960年代前，即便遭到中等教育的人在他们写作时都去寻求一个崇高的曲调，在那之后，最遭到好评的写作也都初步在书面上寻求口语的英语。
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3.?equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.?
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equally, in poetry,（状语）?the highly personal, performative genre（主语）?is（谓语）?the only form（宾语）?that（that引导的定语从句）?could claim（从句谓语）?real liveliness（从句宾语）.
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performative ?adj.表述行为的
genre ?n.体裁，类型
liveliness ??n.生动，显着
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翻译:相同的是，在诗歌方面，高度的特性化和具有体现力的体裁才是可以被称作真实显着的方法。
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4.?in both oral and written english, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
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in both oral and written english（状语）,?talking（主语）?is triumphing（谓语）?over speaking（介词短语表比照）, spontaneity【并排句，此处省掉谓语】?over craft（介词短语表比照）.
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oral ?adj.口头的
spontaneity ?n.自觉性，主动性
craft ?n.技能，手工
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翻译:不管是口语仍是写作的英语，攀谈胜过讲演，即兴发扬胜过精心预备。
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paragraph4
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1.?illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that mr. mcwhorter documents is unmistakable.?
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illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture（状语）,?the trend（主语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰trend）?mr. mcwhorter（从句主语）?documents（从句谓语）?is（谓语）?unmistakable（宾语）.
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entertaining ?adj.令人开心的
array ?n.摆放，一系列
document ?v.记载，记载
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翻译:用一系列令人开心的来自于雅俗文明的比方去证明，m先生记载的趋势是没错的。
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2.?but it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.?
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but?it（方法主语）?is（谓语）?less clear（宾语）, to（to引导的刺进语弥补阐明）?take the question of his subtitle, why（why引导的主语从句）?we（从句主语）?should（从句谓语）, like, care.
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subtitle ?n.副标题
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翻译:可是他书里边副标题“为啥咱们大约介意”的答案还不清楚。
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3.?as a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like?black english, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.?
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as a linguist（状语）,?he（主语）?acknowledges（谓语）?that（that引导的acknowledge的宾语从句）?all varieties（从句主语）?of human language（定语润饰varieties）, including non-standard ones like?black english（弥补阐明human language）,?can be powerfully expressive（从句谓语）—there exists【恰当于there be句型】?no language or dialect?（主语）?in the world（状语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰language or dialect）?cannot convey（从句谓语）?complex ideas（从句宾语）.
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variety ??n.品种，多样
non-standard ?adj.不标准的
expressive ?adj.体现的，表达的
dialect ?n.方言
convey ?v.传递，传达
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翻译:作为一个言语学家，他招认一切品种的人类言语，包括不标准的黑人英语，都有很强的体现力——这个世界上没有言语或许方言不可以传达凌乱的信息。
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4.?he is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.?
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he（主语）?is not arguing（谓语）, as（as引导的状语从句）?many（从句主语）?do（从句谓语）, that（that引导的arguing的宾语从句）?we（从句主语）?can no longer think straight（从句谓语）?because（because引导的状语从句）?we（从句主语）?do not talk（从句谓语）?proper.
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翻译:他和许多人不一样，他并不认为咱们会因为不可以恰当的说话就不可以清楚的思考。
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paragraph5
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1.?russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most english-speakers.?
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russians（主语）?have（谓语）?a deep love（宾语）?for their own language（状语表目标）?and（and联接并排谓语）?carry（谓语2）?large chunks（宾语）?of memorized poetry（定语润饰chunks）?in their heads（状语）, while（while引导的并排句）?italian politicians（主语）?tend（谓语）?to elaborate speech（宾语）?that?（that引导的定语从句）would seem（从句谓语）?old-fashioned（从句宾语）?to most english-speakers（表目标）.
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chunk ?n.大块，矮胖的人
elaborate ?v.精心制造，具体论说
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翻译:俄罗斯人深深的爱着他们自个的言语，而且在他们的脑中带着许多的记住的诗歌，而意大利的政客们更倾向于精心预备一个关于大大都说英语的人现已过期的讲演。
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2.?mr. mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.?
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mr. mcwhorter（主语）?acknowledges（谓语1）?that（that引导的acknowledge的宾语从句）?formal language（从句主语）?is（从句谓语）?not strictly necessary（从句宾语）, and（and联接的并排谓语）?proposes（谓语2）?no radical education reforms（宾语）—he（主语）?is really grieving over（谓语）?the loss of something（宾语）?beautiful more than useful（定语润饰something）.
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propose ??v.主张
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翻译:m先生招认正式的言语不是严肃的必需品，而且没有主张根柢的教育变革——他是真的为了那些秀丽多过有用的东西的消亡而感到哀痛。
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3.?we now take our english “on paper plates instead of china”.?
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we（主语）?now take（谓语）?our english（宾语）?“on paper plates instead of china（状语）”.
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plate ??n.碟，金属板
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翻译:咱们如今用纸盘而不是瓷器装着咱们的英语。
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4.?a shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
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a shame（宾语1）, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one（宾语2）.【省掉句，省掉了主谓】
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shame ?n.羞耻
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翻译:或许很让人感到惭愧，但可所以无法避免的。