想做啥梦你自个来方案栗之考研精读06_the

原标题：想做啥梦？你自个来方案 | 栗之考研精读 06

这是 一向配偶的第 385篇文章

这篇文章 3643 字，估计阅览 9min

01

我的噩梦呈现几率很低，但为数不多的几个噩梦让人想起来就惧怕。所以，我抉择假定下次再做噩梦，必定要试试神经病学家们教授的这个办法。

今日跟我们共享的是一篇 2005 年的考研英语阅览真题，尽管年代看上去陈旧一些，不过想必不少同学跟我相同，还不晓得梦可以亲手创造。我选了其间三段，咱们一同来看下。

of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. in dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak a century ago, freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. and one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “it’s your dream,” says rosalind cartwright, chair of psychology at chicago’s medical center. “if you don’t like it, change it.”

不一起期我们关于「梦」的发生机制了解不一样，作者依照时刻次序，别离介绍了世纪前、上世纪 70 年代这两个观念，意图在于引呈如今科学家们关于「梦」的新观点。那就是梦和心境之间存在联络，咱们可以亲手改造自个的梦。

the link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in cartwright’s clinic most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.

and this process need not be left to the unconscious. cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. as soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. with much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

接下来的这两段别离论说了现代研讨的这两个观念。

02

① of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. ② in dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.

要想有个好睡觉，还记住 ted 的叮咛吗？不记住的看这儿：缺觉的人，大脑会堆满废物 | 栗之 ted 精听 06

规则作息+适合的温度，有助于前进咱们的睡觉质量，不过除了这两条外，还有不少其他要素会影响咱们的睡觉，拿我来说，我的睡觉守则的其间一条是：不能有光！

另外，梦的多少、好坏程度也会影响睡觉。不过，不能有光，带上眼罩，或许蒙上衣裳就能办到，要想控制梦，对我来说那可就太难了，作者也说到 dreams seem to be least within our control.

component不只可以指具体的「有些」，比方（机器、体系等的）零件，也可以指笼统的「有些」，很合适用在写作中。

exercise is one of the key components of a healthy lifestyle.
训练身体是安康日子方法的重要构成有些之一。
在句中，dreams 就是好睡觉必不可以少的 component。

对应的动词是 compose，常常构成这样一个规划 be composed of，标明「由……构成」。

water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧构成。

within our control是指「在咱们控制之中」，加上个 least呢？那就变成否定意味了，「最不受控制的」。

suspend是「暂停，接连」的意思，我晓得你们如今最想的是暂停学习，等你们考研或许期末考试结束，就可以歇息一下了，不过不能完全接连啦，还有复试呢。

suspend/s??spend/

英文释义：to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time 暂停，接连
sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed.
这种药品在结束进一步查验之前将暂停出售。

整句译文：在构成高质量睡觉的一切要素中，梦如同是最不受咱们控制的。在梦中，有一扇窗户通向另一个世界中，在这儿，逻辑暂时失效，死者也能开口说话。

③ a century ago, freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.

语法

这句比照长，咱们来分析下语法，把骨干找出来。在本句中，分号联接了两个分句。分号前的有些，that dreams were… 作 theory 的同位语，所以语句骨干是 freud formulated his revolutionary theory。分号后的语句骨干则是 neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” ，别离介绍了弗洛伊德和二十世纪七十年代的neurologist 神经病学家们关于「梦」的主张。

formulate这个词可以很大，比方咱们可以说 formulate a theory创建一套理论，formulate a policy拟定一套方针，也可以很小，拟定一个方案 也可以用上 formulate，formulate a plan。

unconscious和这一段后边呈现的 conscious互为反义词，前者指「无知道的」，后者指「有知道的」，这对单词呈现频率很高。

unconscious既可以指「身体」无感觉的，昏倒不醒的，也可以指「感触或主意」无知道的，不知道道到的。

unconscious/?n?k?n??s/

英文释义：unable to see, move, feel etc in the normal way because you are not conscious昏倒不醒的，失掉感觉的
she was knocked unconscious.
她被打昏了。
英文释义：a feeling or thought that is unconscious is one that you have without realizing it（感触或主意）无知道的，不知道道到的
an unconscious need to be loved
潜知道中被爱的需要

switch标明「变换；改动」，假定你重视我的时刻满足久，或许悄然翻过我之前的前史文章，就会晓得之前我讲过一本书，它的名字就是 switch，中文译名是《瞬变》，非常举荐我们阅览（我又举荐书啦）。

这个单词的意义非常丰厚，除了动词外，还可以作名词运用。

she made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
第一个孩子出世后她就从全职作业改为兼职作业。（许多女人不得不面临的选择，叹气）

byproduct副产品

整句译文：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德创建了一套改造性理论，他认为梦是我们潜知道中的愿望和惊骇经过假装后的投影。而在上世纪 70 年代，神经病学家们转而认为梦只是「精力噪音」，即神经批改活动在睡觉时刻发生的随机副产品。

④ now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”.

suspect 作为动词，标明「置疑」，这个意思维必我们都比照了解了，不过在这儿标明「估测；猜测」，和 suppose, speculate 等单词的意义类似。

在《唐顿》第一季第五会集，大表哥说自个被聘请参加唐顿的晚宴，但他 suspect 认为自个是来凑数的，平衡下男女比例，因为独身汉太紧俏了。

thermostat是「恒温器；温度主动调度器」的意思，对我来说，这是一个新词。讲这个单词不是因为它重要，而是想告诉我们：在阅览中遇到生词太正常了，不要因为遇到生词就慌。

咱们可以根据上下文语境猜这个单词的大致意思，假定猜不出来，那就绕过它呗，横竖还有许多你知道的单词可以 到你。

on-line是「在线」，那么，off-line天然就是「离线」咯。作者把大脑比成核算机，用 off-line标明做梦时，大脑不再像白地利那么清醒，是一种诙谐的说法。

整句译文：如今，研讨人员们估测，梦是大脑心境调度体系的构成有些，在大脑处于「离线」状况时，梦可以调度心境。

⑤ and one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. ⑥ “it’s your dream,” says rosalind cartwright, chair of psychology at chicago’s medical center. “if you don’t like it, change it.”

harness作名词标明「马具」，用作动词时，标明 to control and use the force or strength of sth to produce power or to achieve sth 控制，使用（以发生能量等）

we must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce.
咱们有必要尽量发扬全体职工的技能和创造力。

这儿的 chair不是「椅子」，而是大学的「系主任」，也可以指「教授」。在原文没有更清楚信息的情况下，任选一个即可。

he holds the chair of philosophy at oxford.
他是牛津大学哲学系的系主任。
a new chair of medicine
一位新任医学教授

整句译文：另外，一位闻名声威人士认为，梦这种激烈的精力活动不只可以被咱们驾御，还可以有知道地对其加以控制，协助咱们睡得非常好，感触更棒。芝加哥医疗中心的心思学主任罗莎琳德 · 卡特莱特说，「梦是你的，假定你不喜爱，那就自个换一个。」

① the link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in cartwright’s clinic.

show up在文中的意思是 to be easy to see or notice 「露出，闪现出来」

use a light colour which will show up on a dark background.
运用浅颜色，这样在深色布景上会比照显眼。

除此之外，这个词组还可以标明 to arrive where you have arranged to meet sb or do sth 「践约赶到；呈现」 。

it was getting late when she finally showed up.
天色已晚，她总算赶到了。

整句译文：梦和心境的联络在卡特莱特诊所的患者们身上闪现出来。

② most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

这一段的第二句比照长，骨干其实很短，most people seem to have more bad dreams，后边的两个分词规划都是状语，可以先省掉不看。粗心是说：我们晚上在入眠的前期期间简略做噩梦，不过跟着时刻推移，梦会朝着夸姣的方向打开。

整句译文：大都人在入眠的前期期间噩梦较多，在睡醒之前的期间，梦会变得夸姣起来，这阐明梦在 咱们消化白日发生的负面心境。

③ because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.

occupy标明「占有；占用」，occupied是它的描述词。假定咱们标明「忙于做某事」，就可以用 be occupied with sth，可以替换 be busy with sth.

she’s fully occupied with work.
作业使她忙得不可以开交。

整句译文：清醒时，咱们的脑筋被往常小事占有，因而并不老是能想到白日所发生的工刁难心境的影响。直到咱们身处梦中时，这些影响初步闪现。

① and this process need not be left to the unconscious. ② cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.

又遇到 control了，有关的表述在文章中呈现了多次，咱们一同来回想一下。

within one’s control 标明「在……控制之中」；
be brought under control 标明「被控制」；
exercise control 标明「进行控制」。

recur

英文释义：if some-thing, especially something bad or unpleasant, recurs, it happens again（尤指坏事或令人不快的事）再次发生；重演
recurring dream / nightmare
重复呈现的梦境/噩梦

整句译文：这个进程不必定是无知道的。c 认为我们可以有知道地控制噩梦的重复发生。

③ as soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. ④ visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. ⑤ with much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

awaken和第四句的wake up 意思相同，英语言语的运用有个很杰出的特征，那就是尽量不运用同一个词汇表达相同的意思。

比方，前几天我在微博共享了一篇讲《学校婚礼》的文章，作者除了用 alumni标明「校友」，也会用 those affiliated with the school。

晓得这个特征关于我们了解文章会很有协助，对做题也是。我跟秦驿讲这个特征时，秦驿争辩反驳认为汉语也是这样，但，我成功批驳他了，具体情况我后续会专门写文章。

visualize是 visual 的动词方法，晓得 visual basic 言语的同学必定不需要我介绍了。

visualize /?v??u?la?z/

英文释义：to form a picture of someone or something in your mind想象，愿望
同近义替换：imagine
i tried to visualize the house while he was describing it.
我一边听他描绘，一边愿望那房子的姿势。

整句译文：一旦你吵醒，马上跟自个招认梦中发生了啥事，让你心神意乱。愿望一下你期望以啥样的梦境结束，下一次再做相同的梦时，测验及时醒来，控制梦的进程。多加操练，咱们就能在睡梦大学会。

神经病学家

秦驿和栗之

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