考研英语历年真题与解析——E1-2016Text2(考研英语历年真题pdf)
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真题来历：e1-2016text2
for the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. in britain this has had a curious result. while polls show britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal firmly, shakespeare and the national health service (nhs) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
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a century ago octavia hill launched the national trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” it was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. they don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. it needs constant guardianship.
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at the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. the conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. the concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. the liberal democrats are silent. only ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. its campaign to protect rural england struck terror into many local conservative parties.
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the sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. the london agents stirling ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the london area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. what is true of london is even truer of the provinces.
the idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. the issue is not the need for more house but, as always, where to put them. under lobby pressure, george osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. he favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. this is not a free market but a biased one. rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. they do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. we do not ruin urban conservation areas. why ruin rural ones?
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development should be planned, not let rip. after the netherlands, britain is europe’s most crowded country. half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative – the corrupted landscapes of southern portugal spain or ireland avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite left and right of the political spectrum.
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1. britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________.
[a] is not well reflected in politics
[b] is fully backed by the royal family
[c] didn’t start till the shakespearean age
[d] has brought much benefit to the nhs
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2. according to paragraph 2, the achievements of the national trust are now being __________.
[a] largely overshadowed
[b] properly protected
[c] effectively reinforced
[d] gradually destroyed
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3. which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?
[a] labour is under attack for opposing development
[b] the conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building
[c] ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
[d] the liberal democrats are losing political influence
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4.the author holds that george osborne’s preference __________.
[a] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
[b] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[c] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[d] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
5. in the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of __________.
[a] the size of population in britain
[b] the enviable urban lifestyle in britain
[c] the town-and-country planning in britain
[d] the political life in today’s britain
答案解析：
1.[a]
根据题干“英国群众关于村庄的观念”，可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国公民在民意查询中将“村庄”和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健准则并排选为英国让他们最为骄傲的四个方面，可是这种观念得到的政治撑持却极为有限。a选项“is not well reflected in politics”在政治中没有得到极好的体现是对原辞意思的同义替换，故选a。
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2.[d]
根据题干很清楚能定位到文章第二段。该段经过第一句的“a century ago”和后边的“later”可知是在做古今比照。题干中问的是“now”，所以要点断定在比照中的后半有些，而这有些中“they don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.”一句标明如今的national trust已违背了它初始的初衷，它之前的那些作用现已不见了。d选项gradually destroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选d。
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3.[c]
定位到第三段，该段首要讲了各大党派关于这个观念（及第一段中说到的观念）的情绪：根柢都不附和。最终一有些“only ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land”该句阐明只需ukip这个党派是附和这个观念，要维护村庄的。c选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选c。
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4.[a]
第五段第六、七句指出：村庄得到了打开且将一向打开下去，鸿沟及特征被尊敬的村庄打开得最佳；第8、九句批判osborne偏好“撑持在村庄新建而不是在城市立异或改造，撑持在城郊建筑购物中心而非在城中建商业街”。以及，没有损坏城市维护区，却损坏了村庄维护区。因为问的是作者关于奥斯本观念的观点，所以只需要看在奥斯本的观念之后作者的表达内容，第五段倒数两句话就是作者表达自个观念的当地，即“咱们没有损坏城市中遭到维护的当地”，“你们为啥要损坏村庄的呢?”这就阐明奥斯本一方的观念是要损坏村庄环境。所以可得出答案是奥斯本主意标明晰他关于村庄我们的无视。故选a。
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5.[c]
根据最终一段第一句话可以断定本段的中心是第一句“development should be planned, not let trip,”阐明打开是要有方案的，不能任其安适打开。然后再具体讲britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有方案的打开，获得了极好的成效。故选择c。
全文翻译：
有史以来初度，住在
乡镇的人多于住在村庄的人。这在英国呈现了新鲜的成果。尽管民意查询闪现英国人认为“村庄”与王室、莎士比亚和国民保健准则（nhs）相同，是他们对自个的国家最为骄傲的当地，但这得到的政治撑持有限。
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一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚·希尔建议了国民保管组织，不是为了解救时髦绮丽的豪宅，而是“为一切人耐久保存天然美的当地。”它专门为城市居民供给可以让他们领会到“一些新鲜空气”的休闲空间。后来，希尔的呼吁使得国家公园和美化带得以创建。而如今，他们不再缔造村庄，混凝土每年耗费更多的村庄。村庄需要持续维护。
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鄙人一届推举中，如同没有哪个大党可以会附和这种观念。保存党的方案变革清楚将优先权给予了村庄开发而非天然维护，甚至附和在当地居民可以对立的当地进行“方案外”缔造。可持续打开的概念已被界说为有利可图。相同，工党也想在当地议会对立开发的当地中止当地方案。安适民主党默不表态。只需独立党，察觉到了机缘，与那些呼吁以一种更周全的方法运用绿地的人站在了一同。其“维护英格兰村庄运动”使得许多当地保存党惶惑不安。
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缔造新房子、工厂和单位的合理之地是在我们地址的当地，在基础设备预备放置稳当的城市和乡镇。伦敦地产署理斯特林·阿克罗伊德迩来仅在伦敦区域就选定足以建筑50万套房子的建筑用地，没有侵略美化带。伦敦能做到的外省更能做得到。
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“住所危机”等于“将草地浇筑混凝土”的理念朴实是游说集体的说辞。疑问不是需要缔造更多的房子，而是，自始自终的，在哪里缔造房子。在游说集体的压力下，乔治·奥斯本撑持在村庄新建房子而非城市城市立异和改造。他撑持城外购物场所而不是商业街。这不是安适商场而是有偏好的商场。村庄小镇和村庄现已打开并将一向打开下去。在建筑毗连其鸿沟并尊敬其特征的当地，它们打开得非常好。咱们没有损坏城市维护区，为何要损坏村庄维护区？
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开发大约方案，而不是任意开发。继荷兰之后，英国是欧洲最拥堵的国家。半个世纪的城乡方案使其可以坚持令人仰慕的村庄调和性，一起还使低密度城市居住变成可以。毫无疑问另外一条路是——葡萄牙南部、西班牙或爱尔兰被损坏的风光地貌。要避免这种情况而不火上加油大约将政治光谱上的左派和右派联合起来。
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thanks for reading!
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