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飓风如何影响蜘蛛的进犯性

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this is scientific american’s 60-second science, i’m susanne bard.some scientists stick to the lab. but others brave venomous snakes and downed power lines. take jonathan pruitt, an evolutionary biologist at mcmaster university. during last year’s hurricane season, he went to the u.s. southeast to see how extreme weather affects—spiders.”the goal of this experiment was basically to figure out how rare but extreme events might sculpt the traits of the animals that we see out there in the wild.”the inherent difficulties in doing this kind of work has meant little research into how disasters can be a driving force behind natural selection.”the only way that i was able to do this was via the assistance of locals who, immediately following these storms, all get into their trucks and drive around to survey the damage of their houses. but they also bring chain saws. and so they will be cutting their way through state roads. and i basically just draft right behind what could be a conga line of f150s with chain saws and use them to cut a path back to my study sites.”

译文

这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学，我是苏珊娜·巴德。一些科学家据守在实验室。但也有些科学家英勇面临毒蛇和倒下的电线。比方麦克马斯特大学的进化生物学家乔纳森·普鲁伊特。上一年飓风季，他前往美国东南部区域研讨极点气候对蜘蛛的影响。“这个实验的方针，根柢上是弄清稀有但极点作业如何描写咱们在户外看到的动物的特征。”从事这类作业存在内在困难，因而集合灾害如何变成天然选择不和的驱动力的研讨很少。“我能做此事的仅有办法是经过当地人的协助，他们在风暴往后当即坐上货车，四处查看房子受损情况。但他们也会带着电锯。他们将在州

际公路上拓荒路途。我根柢上就是跟在f150轿车部队的后边，用链锯切出回到研讨地址的路。”

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all that to survey the habits of tangle-web spiders, which live in colonies above bodies of water.”and they cooperate into subduing prey together like a tiny, spidery pride of lions.”the spiders come in two personality types: docile and aggressive. aggressive colonies are prone to cannibalism, fight among themselves and are quick to pounce on their prey. pruitt found that when aggressive colonies survived a storm, they produced more baby spiders than did their less aggressive counterparts. but in hurricane-free areas, docile colonies had more babies.”so whether or not it’s good to be an aggressive society is contingent on whether or not you’re going to have a tropical cyclone strike you or not that year.”

译文

这悉数都是为了查询球腹蛛的习性，这种蜘蛛日子在水体上方的群落中。?切髦品晕铮拖裎⑿褪ㄈ骸！闭庵种┲胗辛街中愿瘢何挛牡暮颓⒍返摹：枚返闹┲肴杭蚵酝也俑辍⒛诓空贰⒘槊裘推肆晕铩Ｆ章骋撂胤⑾郑枚返闹┲肴涸诜绫┲写婊钕吕春螅洳惺恳嘤诓荒敲春枚返耐唷５诿挥性馐莒缤换鞯那颍挛闹┲肴悍毖艿淖铀锸扛唷！耙蚨涑珊枚返闹┲肴菏遣皇怯欣【鲇谀且荒晁鞘遣皇窃馐苋却换鳌！?br>

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pruitt thinks the difference is due to hurricanes lowering the number of insect prey flying around. he says, of the aggressive spiders: “i think they are good at capitalizing on the limited number of time-sensitive foraging opportunities they have. so when a prey item hits their web, they run out fast, they grab it, it does not get away. and so, under those conditions, we think that’s why it pays to be aggressive.”the research is in the journal nature ecology & evolution.pruitt says as hurricanes become more common, they could have an outsized impact on the spider’s evolutionary trajectory.”but the fact of the matter is we should not think that what we found in these spiders should be unique to them.”indeed, climate change could have a stormy future in store for all kinds of animal species.thanks for listening for scientific american — 60-second science. i’m susanne bard.

译文

普鲁伊特认为，构成这种差异的缘由是飓风削减了处处飞的昆虫猎物的数量。他标明，在好斗蜘蛛群中，?浅び谑褂糜邢薜氖毙匝笆郴怠Ｋ裕绷晕镒驳剿堑耐鲜保腔崃槊襞荜傥簦阶×晕铮昧晕镂薮商印Ｔ谡庑┣榭鱿拢勖侨衔馐潜涑珊枚分┲肴河欣脑涤伞！闭庀钛刑中嬖凇短烊弧どв虢菲诳稀Ｆ章骋撂乇昝鳎澎缭嚼丛匠＜淇梢远灾┲氲慕旒７⑸蘖坑跋臁！暗导适牵勖遣淮笤既衔勖窃谡庑┲┲肷砩戏⑾值亩魇瞧渌赜械摹！钡娜罚蚋谋淇梢曰岣磺卸锲分执幢┓绨愕慕础Ｐ恍晃颐鞘仗蒲拦恕?0秒科学。我是苏珊娜·巴德。回来搜狐，查看更多

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