考研英语阅览《经济学人》读译参阅Day2227_giant_This_Then(考研英语阅读经典文章)

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灭绝扼杀了进化的作用

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this is scientific american’s 60-second science, i’m christopher intagliata.new zealand once had a dr. seuss–worthy assortment of birds—take the giant moa, a flightless bird twice as tall as an adult human, which weighed more than a sumo wrestler. then there was the haast’s eagle, the largest eagle ever known to exist. it hunted the moa.but, as the story often goes, then came humans: first the maori, about 700 years ago, and then european colonists, a couple hundred years ago. and both sets of people drove many of new zealand’s unique birds to extinction. and many of the surviving species are now threatened or endangered.”so you have species like the kiwi, the kakapo, kea, the kaka, the takahe—all with nice maori names, but all in danger of going extinct.”

译文

这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。新西兰早年有过值得苏斯博士写进书中的林林总总的鸟类——比方巨型恐鸟，这种不会飞的鸟身高是成年人的两倍，体重跨越相扑选手。还有哈斯特巨鹰，这是已知存在过的最大型的鹰。它捕猎恐鸟。但就如故事中常常发生的那样，人类来了：首要是约700年前毛利人的到来，然后是几百年前的欧洲殖民者。这两组人让新西兰特有鸟类灭绝。许多幸存物种如今正面临挟制或接近灭绝。“像几维鸟、鸮鹦鹉、啄羊鹦鹉、卡卡鹦鹉、南秧鸟等物种，它们都具有好听的毛利语名字，但都面临灭绝的风险。”

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luis valente, an evolutionary biologist at the natural history museum of berlin. valente and his colleagues used genetic data to build a tree of new zealand’s living and extinct native birds. they then used a model to estimate how long it took new species to emerge. which allowed them to assess humans’ bird-killing habits—on an evolutionary time scale.”in a couple of centuries, humans wiped out 50 million years of evolutionary history. so the little impact we think we have is having repercussions for millions of years.” the analysis is in the journal current biology.

译文

柏林天然前史博物馆的进化生物学家路易斯·瓦伦蒂说到。瓦伦蒂和火伴使用基因数据树立了新西兰现存和已灭绝本乡鸟类的树状图。之后，他们用模型来估量新物种呈现所需的时刻。这使他们可以从进化时刻标准上评价人类捕杀鸟类的习气。“在几百年时刻内，人类消除了5000万年的进化史。因而咱们认为，人类构成的这种小冲击正在发生持续数百万年的影响。”这项分析宣告在《今世生物学》期刊上。

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looking ahead, the scientists say it could take another 10 million years to recover species that are currently threatened, or near threatened, if nothing is done to save them. but it’s

not all doom and gloom.”the conservation efforts being done in new zealand at the moment are quite pioneering, and they’ve been quite successful. so i think we’re still at a position where we can still prevent lots of millions of years of evolution from further being lost.” as ecologist aldo leopold said, “to keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering.”thanks for listening for scientific american — 60-second science. i’m christopher intagliata.

译文

展望将来，科学家标明，假定不采纳任何办法解救当前正遭受挟制或即将受挟制的物种，那要恢复这些物种可以还需要1000万年时刻。但也并非尽是意外与漆黑。“新西兰当前正在进行的维护作业非常具有创始性，而且非常红功。所以，我认为咱们如今仍然能阻挡数百万年的进化作用进一步不见。”正如生态学家奥尔多·利奥波德所言：“抱负抵偿要鼓起，零件完尽是条件”。谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。回来搜狐，查看更多

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