考研英语阅览了解查验题(考研英语)

　　考研英语阅览分值占比大，阅览了解更是要害，下面是修改共享的考研英语阅览了解查验题，一同来看一下吧。

　　a history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. when the united states entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled.america and americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the europeans andasians whose economies the war had destroyed.

　　it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance prove

dpainful. by the mid-1980s americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. some huge american industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. by 1987 there was only one american television maker left, zenith.(now there is none: zenith was bought by south korea’s lg electronics in july。)foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market america’smachine-tool industry was on the ropes. for a while it looked as though themaking of semiconductors, which america had which sat at the heart of the newcomputer age, was going to be the next casualty。

　　all of this caused a crisis of confidence. americans stopped takingprosperity for granted. they began to believe that their way of doing businesswas failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall aswell. the mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofamerica’s industrial decline. their sometimes sensational findings were filledwith warnings about the growing competition from overseas。

　　how things have changed! in 1995 the united states can look back onfive years of solid growth while japan has been struggling. few americansattribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or theturning of the business cycle. self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ americanindustry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be morequick-witted,” according to richard cavanagh, executive dean of harvard’s kennedyschool of government,“it makes me proud to be an american just to see how our businessesare improving their productivity,” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank inwashington, dc. and william sahlman of the harvard business school believesthat people will look back on this period as “a golden age ofbusiness management in the united states。”

　　1. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ⅱbecause_____。

　　[a]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

　　[b]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

　　[c]the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors

　　[d]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy

　　2. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the american_____。

　　[a]tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

　　[b]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises

　　[c]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

　　[d]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

　　3. what can be inferred from the passage?

　　[a]it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

　　[b]intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

　　[c]the revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

　　[d]a long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。

　　4. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。

　　[a]turning of the business cycle

　　[b]restructuring of industry

　　[c]improved business management

　　[d]success in education

　　答案解析

　　1. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war ⅱbecause_____。

　　美国在二战后获得优势方位是因为_____。

　　[a] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal。

　　它为该方针付出了艰巨的尽力。

　　[b] its domestic market was eight times larger than before。

　　它的国内商场比早年大8倍。

　　[c] the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors。

　　战争摧毁了大大都潜在竞赛对手的经济。

　　[d] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus toits economy。

　　它无与伦比的劳作力规划给了经济推进力。

　　【答案】 c

　　【考点】 实际细节题。

　　【分析】 第一段指出，“二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个光辉的前史时期。它具有比任何竞赛者大8倍的商场，这使其工业经济规划史无前例。它的科学家是世上最优良的，它的工人是技能最佳的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争损坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的”。因而使用打扫法，断定答案是[a]。

　　2. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the 1980sis manifested in the fact that the american_____。

　　上个世纪80年代美国优势方位的损失可以从美国_______实际中看出来。

　　[a] tv industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

　　电视工业现已退到国内商场

　　[b] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises

　　半导体工业现已被外国公司接收

　　[c] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

　　机床业现已自撤消亡

　　[d] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

　　轿车工业现已损失了有些国内商场

　　【答案】 d

　　【考点】 实际细节题。

　　【分析】 [a]选项差错，因为第二段中说“到1987年，美国只剩下zenith这一家电视出产商。(如今这一家也没有了:zenith于7月被韩国lg电器公司收购。)”阐明它连国内商场也保不住了。[b]选项差错，文中第二段最终一句说到，“在一段时刻内，半导体系造业如同要变成下一个受害者”，可是实际上没有。[c]选项中谈到的机床业现已自撤消亡的说法差错，因为文中说到机床制造业“危如累卵”(on the ropes)，可是还没有消亡呢。[d]是适合的，因为第二段第六句说到，“进口车和纺织品横扫国内商场”。

　　3. what can be inferred from the passage?

　　从这篇文章中可以揣度出哪个选项?

　　[a] it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。

　　在自我置疑和盲目骄傲之间摇晃是人的赋性。

　　[b] intense competition may contribute to economic progress。

　　剧烈的竞赛会致使经济的打开。

　　[c] the revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。

　　经济的复苏依托世界的协作。

　　[d] a long history of success may pave the way for furtherdevelopment。

　　一个长时刻成功的阅历会为进一步的打开铺平路途。

　　【答案】 b

　　【考点】 揣度题。

　　【分析】 第三段说到，“一切这悉数致使了决心危机。美国人不再视昌盛为不移至理之事。他们初步置疑自个的商业运营方法出了疑问，也置疑不久他们的收入就会降低。20世纪80年代中期对美国工业衰退的缘由作了一次又一次的查询。那些有时耸人听闻的成果中充溢着对来自国外的加剧的经济竞赛的警告”。第四段说到了“90年代的经济复苏。其间的意义是:在竞赛的压力下，美国人在80年代工业规划调整，美国的工业现已改动了断构，消除了滞胀，学会了急智，因而带来了90年代的经济复苏”。因而可以得出剧烈的竞赛会致使经济的打开。另外三个选项都不适合。

　　4. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy inthe 1990s can be attributed to the____。

　　作者如同信赖美国经济在上个世纪90年代的复苏可以归结于____。

　　[a]turning of the business cycle 经济周期的转机

　　[b]restructuring of industry 作业重组

　　[c]improved business management 改进了的工商打点

　　[d]success in education 教育的成功

　　【答案】 a

　　【考点】 作者观念题。

　　【分析】 在第四段，作者指出，“1995年，美国可以对曩昔5年的稳步打开作一回想，而日本还在奋力挣扎。很稀有美国人将这一剧变单纯归因于美元价值降低或商业周期循环这些清楚明晰的缘由。如今，对本身的置疑已被盲目旷达所替代”。这儿作者实践上对其时美国人的盲目旷达心境进行了批判，认为90年代的增加是由美元价值降低或经济周期的起色等要素构成的。[b]是“richard cavanaugh”的观点。[c]是“stephen moore”的观点。[d]选项文中没有提及。

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