考研英语一2008text3(考研英语一2001年阅读答案详解)

text 3in the early 1960s wilt chamberlain was one of only three players in the national basketball association (nba) listed at over seven feet. if he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. the bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
the trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: americans have generally stopped growing. though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the u.s. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. and they aren’t likely to get any taller. “in the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist william cameron chumlea of wright state university. in the case of nba players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. at the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. but as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. yet according to the centers for disease control and prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.
genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. during childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “there are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist william leonard of northwestern university.
genetic maxim

ums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. claire c. gordon, senior anthropologist at the army research center in natick, mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. she says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. and if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”
31.? wilt chamberlain is cited as an example to
[a] illustrate the change of height of nba players.
[b] show the popularity of nba players in the u.s..
[c] compare different generations of nba players.
[d] assess the achievements of famous nba players.
题目类型：主旨题
这道题建议大家做完后面四道题回来再做，我们在大家读完文章的基础上来分析，首先讲个小故事：美国nba球员有个人几年前身高排名第三，现在排名第100了，你说多惨，但是虽然nba感觉越来越高，但是美国人基本不涨了，因为基因不变，营养达到了极限，所以今后身高将会不变咯。
好大家读完，说提到nba的例子是干什么？是说nba有名还是nba球星的流行？当然都不是，所以bd排除，c选项说的比较不同代nba运动员，大家仔细看c选项，你会发现它没说比较什么，我比较颜值行不行？当然可以，所以c排除，正确答案a选项，存在全文中心height中心词汇
32.? which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?
[a] genetic modification.
[b] natural environment.
[c] living standards.
[d] daily exercise.
题目类型：定位题
文中和身高有关的因素，作者只提到两点：第一基因，第二卡路里蛋白质等等，但是大家仔细看a选项，选项说的是基因修饰，完完全全的推论，文中只说基因本身是非常限制身高的，并非修饰a排除，所以最重要的是卡路里蛋白质这些，用一个词概括，那就是生活标准，c直接选出来，所以我们要非常有逻辑的看文章。
33.? on which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
[a] non-americans add to the average height of the nation.
[b] human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[c] americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[d] larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
题目类型：细节题
a选项：句子命题法
属于阔范围；非美国人只是增加了球队的身高，并非所有美国人，a排除
b选项：正确选项；是一个正确推论；文中说人类直立行走几百万年了，但还是受到直立行走的限制，背部承受了巨大的压力；后面说这的确限制了身高的增长；所以b选项没有任何问题。
c选项：推论命题法
文中并未提及美国人最高，属于推内容，直接排除
d选项：推论命题法
推内容；文中只提到了更大的孩子很难从产道出来；并没有以后会更高，是同学们自己推出来的，d排除
34.? we learn from the last paragraph that in the near future
[a] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.
[b] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.
[c] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.
[d] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.
题目类型：细节题
a选项：主旨相反命题法
文中说身高不变，不需要重新修改制服尺寸
b选项：同义替换命题法
将尺寸换成设计，直接将原文意思替换，我们说的是大小不需要改变，款式为啥不能变呢？b排除
c选项：推论命题法
运动员的选拔将采用基因的检测；文中只在第一段提到了运动员，是我们自己看完了基因的确限制身高，所以大家会想到招人时候要不看看基因，纯粹的推关系；文中并未提及基因和运动员招募的关系，所以直接排除c
d选项：正确选项，与主旨相同
35.? the text intends to tell us that
[a] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.
[b] human height is becoming even more predictable.
[c] americans have reached their genetic growth limit.
[d] the genetic pattern of americans has altered.
题目类型：细节题
a选项：主旨相反命题法
文中多次强调，身高达到极限并非再有循环了，以后也不会再高了，a排除
b选项：同义替换命题法
换对象；文中说的是美国人的身高，并非人类身高，直接排除b
c选项：正确选项：与文中含义一致
d选项：主旨相反命题法
文中说的是美国基因基本不会改变了，所以d排除
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