24考研英语(一)真题及答案(完整版)(24考研英语一)
|==??????????答案来啦！24考研英语真题及答案！网友回忆版 仅供参考！
?持续更新中……
?建议大家先存再看
???
政治真题及答案戳这里
?《24考研政治真题及答案！》（戳此查看<<<<<）
管综真题及答案戳这里
?《24考研管综真题及答案！》（戳此查看<<<<<）
??英语（一）真题及答案戳这里
?《24年考研英语（一）真题及答案！》（戳此查看<<<<<）
?英语（二）真题及答案戳这里
?《24年考研英语（二）真题及答案！》（戳此查看<<<<<）
?数学（一、二、三）真题及答案戳这里
?《24年考研数学真题及答案！》（戳此查看<<<<<）
?
划线为正确答案
?
?
完形填空
?
there’s nothing more welcoming than opening a door for you.（1）without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in（2）improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general（3）convenience to commercial buildings.
self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years（4）successively by two americans, dee horton and lew hewitt. they（5）started out as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their（6） benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world. particularly（7）useful in busy locations and during times of emergency, the doors（8）act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people’s way.
（9）as well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps to reduce the total area（10）. occupied by them. automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. replacing swing doors, these（11）allow smaller spaces to maximise the usable space inside without having to（12）clear the way for a large, sticking-out door. there are many different types of automatic door, with each（13）relying on specific signals to tell them when to open.（14）although these methods differ, the main（15）principles remain the same.?
each automatic door system（16）analyses the light, sound, weight, or movement in their vicinity as a signal. sensor-types are chosen to（17）compare the different environments they are needed in.（18）for example, a busy road might not（19）suit a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. a pressure-sensitive mat would be more（20）appropriate to limit the surveyed area.
答案:
1-10题：dcbab cadad
11-20题：accdc bdcba
?
text 1
?
nearly 2,000 years ago, as the romans began to pull out of scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of them. the nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-meter-deep pit covered by two meters of gravel.?
why had the romans buried a million nails? the likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapons-grade iron. the romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.
later civilizations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labor in a nail even more than the raw material. as roma agrawal explains in her new delightful book “nuts and bolts,” early 17th-century virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. this was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes.
the price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist daniel sidel points out in a research paper. according to sidel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.
nails themselves have changed over the years, but sidel studied them because they haven’t changed much.
i make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price. i am an economist, after all. after writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing i’ve learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it’s the cheap technologies that change the world.
the gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing is cost – and it would have achieved liti without a parallel collapse in the paper of surfaces to write on, thanks to an withoven looked technology cal ted apor solar panels had a few niche uses untile they became cheap, now they are transforming the globalenergy system.
?
21、romans buried the nails probably for the sake ofa) saving them for future useb) keeping them from rustingc) letting them grow in valued) hiding them from locals
22、the example of early 17th-century virginians is used toa) highlight the thriftiness of early american colonistsb) illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that periodc) contrast the attitudes of different civilizations toward nailsd) show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time
23、what played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?a) increased productivityb) wider use of new energiesc) fierce market competitiond) reduced cost of raw material
24、it can be learned from paragraph 5 that nailsa) have undergone many technological improvementsb) have remained basically the same since roman timesc) are less studied than other everyday productsd) are one of the world’s most significant inventions
25、which of the following best summarizes the last two paragraphs?a) cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.b) technological innovation is integral to economic success.c) technology defines people’s understanding of the world.d) sophisticated technology developed from small inventions.
?
21-25题目答案ddaba
?
text 2
?
parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in africa may be the key to raising more contented children, researchers have suggested. the idea is based on studies of communities such as the kung of botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones, and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm.
according to dr. nikhil chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at cambridge university, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for both children and parents.?
dr. annie swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. in germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. the residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mimic the supervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.
in a paper published in the journal of child psychology and psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention that broke with evolutionary history. this abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative” which suggests that mothers should manage child care alone, was likely to have been harmful. “such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote.
by contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies, adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care. one previous study looked at the people of the democratic republic of congo. it found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.
chaudhary said that parents now had less child care support from family and social networks than during most of human evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a ‘knock-on’ benefit to a child’s wellbeing. an infant born into a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers – this contrasts starkly with nursery settings in the uk where regulations can allow for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
while hunter-gatherer children learn from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, could contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . chaudhary said that britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents might also enhance their own social development.
26.according to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to thepractice of ______a.sharing childcare among community membersb.assigning babies to specific adult categoriesc.teaching parenting skills to older childrend.carrying infants around by their parents27.the scheme in germany is mentioned to illustratea.an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communicationb.an approach to integrating into western societyc the conventional parenting style in western culturethe differences between western and african ways of living28. according to paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrativea . alleviates parenting pressuresb. consolidates family relationships
c. results in the child-centered familyd. departs from the course of evolution29. what can be inferred about the nurserie
s in the uk?
a. they tend to fall short of official requirements.b. they have difficulty finding enough caregives.c. they ought to improve their career-to-child ratiod. they should try to prevent parental depression30. which of’ the following would be the best title for the text?a. instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parentsb. for a happier family learn from the hunter gatherersc. mixed-aged playgroup, a better choice for lonely children
d. tracing the history of parenting: from africa to europe
?
26-30题答案abdcb
?
text 3
?
? ? a polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes. he has made illustrations for games such as sony’s horizon forbidden west, ubisoft’s anno, dungeons & dragons and magic: the gathering. and he’s become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image al generation.
? ? his distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source ai art generator stable diffusion, which was launched late last month. the tool, along with other popular image-generation ai models, allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts. for example, type in “wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon greg rutkowski,” and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in rutkowski’s style.
? ? but these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists. as a result, they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright. and artists like rutkowski have had enough.
? ? ?according to the website lexica, which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by stable diffusion, rutkowski’s name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times. some of the world’s most famous artists, such as michelangelo, pablo picasso, and leonardo da vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less. rutkowski’s name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the discord of another text-to-image generator, midjourney. rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences. then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published. the online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn’t his.
? ? ?”it’s been just a month. what about in a year? i probably won’t be able to find my work out there because [the internet] will be flooded with ai art,” rutkowski says. “that’s concerning.”
? ? ?other artists besides rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text-to-image generatorsand some are now fighting back.
karla ortiz. an illustrator based in san francisco who found her work in stable diffusion’s data set, has been raising awareness about the issues around ai art and copyright. artists say they risk losing income as people start using al-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes. but it’s also a lot more personal, ortiz says, arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person, it could raise data protection and privacy problems.
? ? ?”there is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this, says ortiz. the group is in its early days of mobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation one suggestion is that ai models could be trained on images in the public domain, and ai companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists, ortiz says.
31. what can be learned about rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?a. he is enthusiastic about using al modelsb. he is popular with user of an al art generator.c.he attracts admiration tram other illustratorsd.he specializes in classical painting digitalization.32. the problem with open – source al art generators is that theya lack flexibility in responding to promptsb. produce artworks in unpredictable stylesc. make unauthorized use of online imagesd collect user information without consent
33.after searching online, rutkowski founda a unique way to reach audiencesb.a new method to identity al imagesc.al-generated work bearing his named. heated disputes regarding his copyright34. according to ortiz, al companies are advised toa. campaign for new policies or regulation.b. offer their services to public institutionsc. strengthen their relationship with al usersd. adopt a different strategy for al model training35 what is the text mainly about?a. artists’ responses to al art generationb.ai’s expanded role in artistic creationc. privacy issues in the application of al.d.opposing views on al development
?
31-35答案：bccdb
?
text 4
?
the miracle of the chesapeake bay lies not in its depths, but in the complexity of its natural construction, the interaction of fresh and saline waters, and the mix of land and water. the shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters, filtering pollutants from the water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.?
all this was put at great risk late last month, when the us supreme court issued a ruling in a case that provides the us environmental protection agency (epa) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. specifically, a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the epa under its clean water act authority must have a “continuous surface connection to bodies of water.” this narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders, mining operators, and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules. and it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the united states,” as justice brett kavanaugh observed.?
in maryland, the good news is that there are many state laws in place to provide wetlands protections. but that’s a very shortsighted view, particularly when it comes to the chesapeake bay. the reality is that water, and the pollutants that so often come with it, don’t respect state boundaries. the chesapeake bay draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into virginia, pennsylvania, new york, west virginia, the district of columbia, and delaware. will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under sackett v. epa? perhaps some, but all? that seems unlikely.
?it is too easy, and misleading, to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. and it’s a reminder that the epa’s involvement in the chesapeake bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states. pennsylvania farmers, to use one telling example, aren’t thinking about next year’s blue crab harvest in maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields, yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstream.
and so we would call on state lawmakers from richmond to albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved. we can offer them a visit to blackwater national wildlife refuge in dorchester county, where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them, but teeming with aquatic life. it’s worth the scenic drive.
?
翻译：
切萨皮克湾的奇迹不在于它的深度，而在于其自然的复杂构造、淡水和盐水的相互作用，以及陆地和水的混合。浅水区为数百种物种提供了家园，同时储存了洪水，过滤了水中的污染物，并保护了附近的社区免受潜在的破坏性风暴潮的影响。
上个月末，所有这些都面临巨大的风险，当时美国最高法院在一个案件中作出裁决，大大减少了美国环境保护署（epa）监管湿地和水道的权力。具体来说，5比4的多数决定，根据《清洁水法》的授权，由环保局保护的湿地必须具有“与水体连续的表面连接”。监管范围的缩小对建设者、矿业运营商和其他经常与环境法规相悖的商业利益来说是一场胜利。正如布雷特·卡瓦诺大法官所指出的那样，这对美国各地的水质和洪水控制产生了“重大影响”。在马里兰州，好 消息是有许多州法律来保护湿地。但这是一种非常短视的观点，尤其是当涉及到切萨皮克湾时。
现实情况是，水和经常随之而来的污染物并不尊重州界。切萨皮克湾的水源来自一个6.4万平方公里的流域，该流域延伸到弗吉尼亚州、宾夕法尼亚州、纽约州、西弗吉尼亚州、哥伦比亚特区和特拉华州。在那些司法管辖区，是否会延续现在在sackett v. epa案中被剥夺的保护措施呢？也许有些会，但全部都会吗？这似乎不太可能。
很容易误导人们认为这样的法院裁决只是为了维护土地所有者的权利，而对他们的邻居来说后果可能是致命的。这提醒人们，环保局参与切萨皮克湾项目长期以来至关重要，这是超越邻近州财力雄厚的特殊利益集团影响的一种手段。例如，宾夕法尼亚州的农民在决定是否将动物粪便撒在田地上时，并没有考虑到明年马里兰州的蓝蟹捕捞，然而流入附近小溪的径流却会对下游产生巨大的影响。
因此，我们呼吁从里士满到奥尔巴尼的州议员们考虑审查他们自己的湿地保护措施，并亲眼看看所涉及的巨大风险。我们可以带他们参观多切斯特县的黑水国家野生动物保护区，那里秃鹰飞过潮汐沼泽，沼泽浅得无法划船穿越，但水生生物却非常丰富。这趟风景优美的车程是值得的。
?
? ? ? ?36 the chesapeake bay is described in paragraph i as
[a] a valuable natural environment
? ? ? ?[b] a controversial conservation area
[c] a place with commercial potential
[d] a headache for nearby communities.
37 the u.s. supreme court’s ruling in the idaho case
? ? ? ?[a] reinforces water pollution control
[b] weakens the epa’s regulatory power
[c] will end conflicts among local residents
[d] may face opposition from mining operators
38 how does the author feel about the future of the chesapeake bay?
[a] worried
[b] puzzled
[c] relieved
[d] encouraged
39 what can be inferred about the epa’s involvement in the chesapeake bay program?
[a] it has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.
? ? ? ?[b] it has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.
[c] it has set a fine example for state authorities.
[d] it has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.
40 the author holds that state lawmakers should
[a] be cautious about the influence of landowners
[b] attach due importance to wetlands protection
[c] recognize the need for wildlife refuges
[d] improve the wellbeing of endangered species
?
? ? ? ?36-40答案： abadb
?
part bdirections: choose the best statement from the list a.g for each numbered name (41-45). there are two extra choices which you do not need to use, mark your answers on the answersheet.(10 points)
41.hannahsimply,there are people in nigeria who cannot travel to the smithsonian institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the benin bronzes.these should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride. these is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.they serve no purpose in a museum in the unitde states or elsewhere except as curious objects.they cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place by purchase.42.buckwe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.the context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old.in many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.the monetary value of the object on display is a distant second place in importance.43 sarawhen visiting the baltimore museum of art,i came across a magnificent 15th-century chinese sculpture.lt inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators.having said that,i do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museum should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased or obtained by treaty.stealing artifacts from other peoples’ cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators44.victorancient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country.the foreign countries have no right to hold back returning the items.i would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer. yes,there is the risk that the original will not have as good security as do the foreign-countries.but look at what happened to boston’s gardner museum theft in 1990,including the loss of rembrandt vermeer,manet and other masterpiece.nothing is absolutely safe, nowhere,and now climate change agitators are attacking publicly displayed work in european museum.45.juliato those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the us and britain and returned to their countries of origin.i would ask you to consider:why do you think americans have more of a right to easily access the benin bronzes than people of nigeria?why are people who live within a days drive of london entitled to go and see the elgin marbles wherever they want,but the people of athens aren’t?what intrinsic factors make the west a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries of origin? lf your conclusion is that the west is better able to preserve these artifacts,think about why you’re assuming that to be true.[a].it is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen artifacts.[b].it is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.[c].museum visitors can still learn as mush from artifacts’ copies after the originals[d]reproductions,even if perfectly mode,cannot take the place of the authentic obieet[e].the real valeu of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.[fl.ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful[g].concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.
?
答案:ecfgb
part c
directions: read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. write your answers on the answersheet (1o poinis)
“elephats never forget”-or so they-and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.the african savanna elephats, also known as the africa bush elephats,is distributed across 37 african counties. they move between a variey of habitats, including forests, grasslan woodlans,welands.(46)they sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are–even when they are out of sight.what is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.(47)the researchers are convinced that the elephats always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources the need. and can therefore take shorcuts, as well as following familiar routes .although the cues used by african elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood, smell may well play a part.elephants are very choosy eaters, but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.(48) one possibility was that they merely used their eves and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eye sight is actually not very good.(49) the volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. what is more, they can be detected even when they are not actually visible. new research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants-and probably other herbivores-to the best food resources.the researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferredeither to cat or avoid when foraging freely. they then set up a“food station experiment, in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell. (50) the experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat. and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferrec food.their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants.like ratsand people, to construct cognitive maps.
?
46.[译文]它们有时会跋沙60 多英里去寻找食物或水，并且非常善于找出其他大象在哪里一一即使这些人象在视线之外[词义]介词结构 be good at doing 善于做 …..out of sight 在视线范围之外[采分点]它们有时会跋涉60 多英里去寻找食物或水，(0.5分);并且非常善于找出其他大象在哪里 (1分);即使这些大象在视线之外(0.5分)47.[译文]研究人员确信，关于他们所需的所有资源，大象总是准确地知道自己在哪里，因此它们可以走捷径，也可以沿着熟悉的路线走。[词义]inrelationto与…有关; shortcutn.捷径; as wellas也
[采分点]研究人员确信，关于他们所需的所有资源大象总是准确地知道自己在哪里，(1 分)因此它们可以走捷径，(0.5分)也可以沿着熟悉的路线走。(0.5 分)48.[译文]一种可能性是，它们只是用眼睛来试验他们发现的植物,但这可能会浪费大量的时间和精力，尤其因为它们的视力实际上不是很好。[词义]not least because 尤其因为;result in 导致
[采分点]一种可能性是，(0.5 分)它们只是用眼睛来试验他们发现的植物，(0.5 分)但这可能会浪费大量的时间和精力，(0.5分)尤其因为它们的视力实际上不是很好。(0.5 分)?
49.[译文]植物产生的挥发性化学物质可以散发很远的距离，而且这些物质非常有特点:每一种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味特征。
[词义]volatile adj.挥发性的; carry v.携带;characteristic adj.有特征的;odor n.气味;signature n.标签[采分点]植物产生的挥发性化学物质可以散发很远的距离，(1分)而且这些物质非常有特点:(0.5 分)每一种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味特征.(0.5分)
?
50.[译文]实验表明，大象可以很好地利用嗅觉来识别适合食用的树木片区，其次评估每个片区内树木的品质。[词义]identify 识别 patch 补丁，一片assess 评估[采分点]实验表明，(0.5分)大象可以很好地利用嗅觉来识别适合食用的树木片区，(1分)其次来评估每个片区内树木的品质。(1分)
?
??内容源自网络，版权归原作者所有，真题答案源自网友回忆及网络，仅供参考?????????????
