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全文字数：1652字

阅览时刻：15分钟

上期划线句答案

these foodsmay beminimally altered by removal of inedible parts, drying, crushing, roasting, boiling, freezing, or pasteurization, to make them suitable to store and safe to consume.

经曩昔掉不可以食用的有些、单调、揉捏、烘烤、煮沸、冷冻或巴氏消毒等办法对这些食物进行最低极限的改动，令其适于存储且保证食用平安。

本期内容

双语阅览

the discipline’s imperialism – its tendency to claim the territory of fields adjacent to economics as its own – is abugbearof social scientists. in the 1990s economics could plausibly claim to be moving towards a science of business. a realistic theory of the firm was in prospect. alas, three decades on, it is no closer. economics has rich models of competition and markets. but its powers still tend to falter once inside the factory gate or office building.

这门学科的帝国主义——它一般将经济学的有关领域都视为自家领地——一贯为社会科学家所诟病。在1990年代，经济学如同有理由声称即将完成商业科学的大一统。一个关于公司的实际理论正呼之欲出。怅惘三十年曩昔了，这样理论却毫无长进。经济学中有着丰厚的竞赛和商场模型。但一旦走入工厂大门或写字楼，其威力一般就会分崩离析。

it is worth asking why. economics is – or at least is supposed to be – about the allocation of scarce resources. in neoclassical theory, markets take centre stage. the factors of production (land, labour and capital) and the supply and demand of goods and services move in response to price signals from market exchange. resources go to the most profitable use.

其缘由值得一问。经济学是——或许至少应当是——稀缺本钱的分配。在新古典主义理论中，商场处于中心方位。出产要素(土地、劳作力和本钱)以及产品和效能的供求跟着商场交流的价格的信号而改变。本钱会流向获利最大的当地。

that is the theory. it has a glaring omission, as ronald coase, an economist,pointed outin a paper in 1937. much of the allocation of resources in economies occurs not in markets but within firms. the prime movers are employees. they ar

e directed not by price signals but by administrativefiat.

理论就是这样。正如经济学家罗纳德·科斯在1937年的一篇论文中所指出的，这一理论有一个显着的缝隙。经济活动中的大有些本钱装备不是在商场中进行的，而是在公司内部进行的。公司内部的首要推进者是职工。他们不受价格信号的辅导，而受行政指令的辅导。

there are reasons for this. one is academic prestige. economics likes to see itself as a foundational discipline, like physics, not a practical one, like engineering. but most of what makes for a flourishing business cannot be captured in a tight theory with a few equations. often it is a matter of how well ideas, information and decision-making spread throughout the firm. and pay is not the only motivation. strong businesses are shaped by shared values and common ideas about the right way to do things—by corporate culture. peopletake pride intheir work and their workplace. these are not natural subjects for economists.

这是有缘由的。缘由之一是学术声威。 经济学喜爱将自个这门学科视为基础学科，例如物理学，而非有用学科，如工程学。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期发布~ 一般公司的成功取决于思路、信息和抉择计划在整个公司的传达程度。薪酬并不是仅有的动力。健壮的公司是由一起价值观和正确行事的一起理念——公司文明——描写的。我们为自个的作业和作业单位感到骄傲。这些不是经济学家的天然课题。

nor is economics comfortable with the specificity of business problems. solving them is more than a simple matter of establishing the right economic incentives. it requires detailed knowledge of technology, processes and competitors as well as social psychology and political trends. economics is never enough. many of the influences on any topical business issue—which tech firm will win the ai race, say—lie outside itspurview.

经济学也不能习气商业疑问的特别性。处置这些疑问不只是是树立正确的经济鼓励机制这么简略。它需要对技能、流程和竞赛对手以及社会意理和政治趋势有具体的晓得。只是靠经济学是远远不可的。任何抢手商业疑问的许多影响要素，比方哪家科技公司将在人工智能竞赛中取胜，都不在这门学科的才能规模之内。

这篇文章节选自：the economist（经济学人）

发布时刻：2023.05

作者：economy

原文标题：why economics does not understand business

词汇堆集

1.bugbear

英/ ?b?ɡbe?(r) /美/ ?b?ɡber /

n.怪物；扎手的难题；惊骇或烦恼的缘由

2.fiat

英/ ?fi??t; ?fi??t /美/ ?fi?ɑ?t /

n.指令；答应；政法

3.purview

英/ ?p??vju? /美/ ?p??rvju? /

n.规模，权限；视界；条款

词组分配

1.point out 指出：提示或人留心某事物或某个疑问，一般是为了纠正差错或供给协助。

2.take pride in 以……为荣

写作句总结

原句：solving them is more than a simple matter of establishing the right economic incentives.

规划：solving xxx(problem) is more than a simple matter of doing sth.

处置xx疑问并非做xxx事这么简略。

例句：solving the climate crisis is more than a simple matter of reducing our carbon footprint.

阅览了解题

which of the following best explains why economics struggles with understanding firms?

a. economics focuses too much on academic prestigeb. economics cannot capture the importance of shared values and corporate culturec. economics is uncomfortable with the specificity of business problemsd. economics has a tendency to claim territory outside its own

c。标题问的是经济学难以了解公司，a项无法说明；b项差错，文中招认了价值观和公司文明的重要性，只是这些并非经济学家的天然课题，并非无法了解其重要性。d项，并非无法了解公司的根柢缘由。

打卡作业

在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，结束每日的打卡操练！下期推送会发布参阅翻译答案，我们一同来学习英语吧~

外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“j88”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码回复“j88”）

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